---
title: "Commercial products of metal"
subject: "Civil Engineering Materials"
chapter: 8
key: "semester_3/civil_engineering_materials:commercial-products-of-metal"
source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_3/civil_engineering_materials/commercial-products-of-metal
site: BCT Engineering
---

# Commercial products of metal

Civil Engineering Materials · Chapter 8: Metals and Alloys

- Asked in: 2080 Baisakh, 2 marks; 2074 Chaitra, 2 marks; 2069 Chaitra, 3 marks (asked 3 times)
- Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14
- Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_3/civil_engineering_materials/commercial-products-of-metal
- Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_3/civil_engineering_materials/chapter-8

## Question

What are the commercial products (forms) of metal (steel)?

## Short answer

Steel is commercially available as bars (round, square, deformed), structural sections (angles, channels, I-beams), plates and sheets (plain, chequered, CGI), wires and wire mesh, pipes and tubes, rails and strips, castings and forgings (bolts, nuts, manhole covers), and wire ropes.

## Answer

Steel (and iron) is supplied in the market in the following commercial forms:

1. **Bars:** round, square and flat bars; deformed bars (TMT/Tor bars) of 6-40 mm diameter for reinforcement.
2. **Structural sections:** angles (L), channels (C), I-beams (ISMB), T-sections, H-sections, and hollow sections (square, rectangular, circular).
3. **Plates and sheets:** plain sheets, chequered plates, corrugated galvanised iron (CGI) sheets.
4. **Wires:** plain and binding wires, high-tensile wire and strands for prestressing, wire mesh and fabric.
5. **Pipes and tubes:** GI, black pipes, seamless and welded tubes.
6. **Rails, rods and strips.**
7. **Castings and forgings:** cast iron pipes, manhole covers and fittings; bolts, nuts, nails, rivets, screws, hooks.
8. **Cables and ropes** (wire ropes).

## Check yourself

The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why.

1. TMT bars are
   A. Pipes
   B. Sheets
   C. Deformed bars for reinforcement 6-40 mm
   D. Wire ropes
   Answer: C. Reinforcement. (Key point: Rebars)

2. Structural sections include
   A. Plywood
   B. Bricks
   C. Veneers
   D. Angles, channels, I-beams
   Answer: D. Rolled. (Key point: Sections)

3. Wires for prestressing are
   A. High-tensile wire and strands
   B. Binding wire
   C. Nails
   D. Plates
   Answer: A. High tensile. (Key point: Prestress)

## Related in Civil Engineering Materials

- [Commercial products of timber](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_3%2Fcivil_engineering_materials%3Acommercial-products-of-timber) — Civil Engineering Materials, chapter 7, asked 3×
- [Distemper forms and preparation](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_3%2Fcivil_engineering_materials%3Adistemper-forms-preparation) — Civil Engineering Materials, chapter 9

## Related in other subjects

- [Drilling time and metal removal rate](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_2%2Fworkshop_technology%3Adrilling-time-numerical) — Workshop Technology, chapter 5
- [Turning time and metal removal rate](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_2%2Fworkshop_technology%3Alathe-turning-time-mrr-numerical) — Workshop Technology, chapter 6