--- title: "Typical power system network and components" subject: "Power System Analysis I" chapter: 1 key: "semester_4/power_system_analysis_i:typical-power-system-network-components" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_4/power_system_analysis_i/typical-power-system-network-components site: BCT Engineering --- # Typical power system network and components Power System Analysis I · Chapter 1: General Background - Asked in: 2081 Chaitra (new course), 6 marks - Video: [What is Electrical power System? Explained | TheElectricalGuy](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2i7EBRmkaY) — Gaurav J - TheElectricalGuy - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_4/power_system_analysis_i/typical-power-system-network-components - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_4/power_system_analysis_i/chapter-1 ## Question Draw a typical power system network and name its different components. ## Short answer A power system consists of generation (6.6–11 kV), generator step-up transformer, transmision lines (132–400 kV), grid substation, sub-transmision (66/33 kV), distribution substation (33/11 kV), 11 kV primary feeders, distribution transformers (11/0.4 kV), and 400/230 V secondary network, with switchgear and protection at each stage. ## Answer A power system network is the chain of equipment that generates electrical energy, transmits it over long distances and distributes it to consumers. ```text GENERATION TRANSMISSION SUB-TRANS. [G]11kV-[GT]==== 220/132 kV ====[S/S]== 66/33 kV [G]11kV-[GT]==== || | (other grids) | DISTRIBUTION v [33/11 kV substation] | 11 kV primary feeders | | [11/0.4 kV DT] [11 kV industry] | 400/230 V LT lines -> houses, shops ``` #### Components and their functions | Component | Function / typical rating | |---|---| | Generating station (G) | Hydro/thermal/solar plant producing 6.6–11 kV | | Generator transformer | Steps up to transmission voltage | | Transmission lines | Carry bulk power at 132/220/400 kV | | Grid substation | Switching, interconnection, step-down to 66/33 kV | | Sub-transmission lines | 66/33 kV to distribution substations | | Distribution substation | 33/11 kV transformation | | Primary feeders | 11 kV lines to load areas, large consumers | | Distribution transformer | 11/0.4 kV near loads | | Secondary (LT) network | 400 V 3-phase / 230 V 1-phase to consumers | | Switchgear and protection | Circuit breakers, relays, isolators, LAs at each stage | | Control centre (Load dispatch) | Monitors and controls the whole system (SCADA) | **Generation** produces power, **transmission** moves bulk power efficiently over long distances at high voltage, and **distribution** delivers it safely at usable voltage to each consumer. ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. What is the role of transmission in a power system? A. Deliver power to houses at 230 V B. Move bulk power over long distances at high voltage C. Produce electricity D. Meter consumers Answer: B. Generation produces, transmission moves bulk power efficiently, distribution delivers. (Key point: Three functions) 2. What does a distribution transformer do? A. Steps 11 kV up to 132 kV B. Steps 220 kV to 132 kV C. Steps 11 kV down to 400/230 V near loads D. Converts AC to DC Answer: C. It is the 11/0.4 kV transformer near consumers. (Key point: Distribution transformer) 3. What voltage do primary feeders carry? A. 400 V B. 220 kV C. 6.6 kV D. 11 kV Answer: D. Primary distribution at 11 kV feeds distribution transformers and large consumers. (Key point: Primary feeders) 4. What is the function of the load dispatch centre? A. Monitor and control the whole system via SCADA B. Step down voltage C. Break fault current D. Generate power Answer: A. The control centre supervises the entire network. (Key point: Control centre) 5. Which is a function of the grid substation? A. Final step-down to 400 V B. Switching, interconnection and step-down to 66/33 kV C. Generating power D. Energy metering of houses Answer: B. Grid substations link transmission lines and step down to sub-transmission. 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