---
title: "Convert references to MLA/APA (Nunan, Gass)"
subject: "Communication English"
chapter: 4
key: "semester_5/communication_english:change-bibliographic-references-nunan-gass"
source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/communication_english/change-bibliographic-references-nunan-gass
site: BCT Engineering
---

# Convert references to MLA/APA (Nunan, Gass)

Communication English · Chapter 4: Introduction to technical writing process

- Asked in: 2072 Kartik, 4 marks
- Video: [MLA to APA citations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwDwyveHRr4) — DSCWritingCenter
- Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14
- Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/communication_english/change-bibliographic-references-nunan-gass
- Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_5/communication_english/chapter-4

## Question

Change the following bibliographic references as indicated in the brackets:
a) Nunan, D.(2001). English as global language. TESOL Quarterly 35(4), 605-606 (into MLA)
b) Gass, S (2001). Innovations in second language research methods. London, OUP (into MLA)
c) Vygotsky, L. Through and language. Cambridge; MIT press, 1986; (into APA)
d) Storch, N. Patterns of interaction is ESL pair work Language Learning. London: OUP, 2002. (into APA)

## Short answer

Converted to MLA: Nunan, D. 'English as Global Language.' TESOL Quarterly, vol. 35, no. 4, 2001, pp. 605–06; Gass, S. Innovations in Second Language Research Methods. Oxford UP, 2001. Converted to APA: Vygotsky, L. (1986). Thought and language. MIT Press; Storch, N. (2002). Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work. Language Learning.

## Answer

#### a) Into MLA
Nunan, D. "English as Global Language." *TESOL Quarterly*, vol. 35, no. 4, 2001, pp. 605–06.

#### b) Into MLA
Gass, S. *Innovations in Second Language Research Methods*. Oxford UP, 2001.

#### c) Into APA
Vygotsky, L. (1986). *Thought and language*. MIT Press.

#### d) Into APA
Storch, N. (2002). Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work. *Language Learning*.

**Notes:**
- In (c) the title "Through and language" is a typing error for *Thought and Language*, the real title of Vygotsky's book.
- In (d) the details given describe a journal article, so the journal title *Language Learning* is italicised; "OUP" and "London" do not belong in an article citation. If the volume, issue and pages are known, add them as *Language Learning*, *52*(1), 119–158.
- In (a) the title is kept as given; in MLA the first word, the main words and the last word are capitalised.

## Check yourself

The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why.

1. How is the volume and issue given in the MLA entry for Nunan?
   A. vol. 35, no. 4, 2001, pp. 605-06
   B. 35(4), 605-606
   C. Volume 35 (4)
   D. 35.4
   Answer: A. MLA uses vol., no., year and pp.; APA uses 35(4). (Key point: MLA journal format)

2. What is the correct title in reference (c)?
   A. Through and language
   B. Thought and language
   C. Though and language
   D. Thoughts and languages
   Answer: B. 'Through and language' is a typing error for Thought and Language. (Key point: Typo correction)

3. How is 'OUP' written in MLA?
   A. OUP, London
   B. Oxford Uni.
   C. Oxford UP
   D. OUP Press
   Answer: C. MLA abbreviates University Press to UP. (Key point: OUP in MLA)

4. Which element is italicised in the APA citation of a journal article?
   A. The article title
   B. The author's name
   C. The year
   D. The journal title
   Answer: D. In APA the journal title (and volume) is italicised; the article title is not. (Key point: Article in APA)

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