--- title: "Interpret: machines and civilization" subject: "Communication English" chapter: 1 key: "semester_5/communication_english:interpret-machines-modern-civilization" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/communication_english/interpret-machines-modern-civilization site: BCT Engineering --- # Interpret: machines and civilization Communication English · Chapter 1: Intensive Reading - Asked in: 2074 Chaitra, 5 marks - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/communication_english/interpret-machines-modern-civilization - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_5/communication_english/chapter-1 ## Question Read the following text carefully and interpret it so as to make the meaning clear. The third great defect of our civilization is that it does not know what to do with its knowledge. Science has given us powers fit for the Gods, yet we use them like small children. For example, we do not know how to manage our machines. Machines were made to be man's servants; yet he has grown so dependent on them that they are in a fair way to become his masters. Already most men spend most of their lives looking after and waiting upon machines. And the machines are very stern masters. They must be fed with coal, and given petrol to drink, and oil to wash with, and they must be kept at the right temperature. And if they do not get their meals when they expect them, they grow sulky and refuse to work, or burst with rage, and blow up, and spread ruin and destruction all round them. So, we have to wait upon them very attentively and do all that we can to keep them in good temper. Already we find it difficult either to work or play without the machines, and a time may come when they will rule us altogether, just as we rule the animals. ## Short answer Science has given us immense power but we lack wisdom to control it. Machines, designed as servants, now dominate our lives, requiring constant care and threatening to rule us. We must use technology with self-discipline to avoid becoming slaves to our own creations. ## Answer The writer says that modern people have gained great scientific power but lack the wisdom to control it. Machines, made to serve human beings, have made people dependent on them, so that humans now seem to serve the machines. #### Explanation - **Knowledge without wisdom.** Science has given humanity "powers fit for the Gods", but we use them "like small children", carelessly and without understanding the consequences. This is the "third great defect" of civilization. - **Servants becoming masters.** Machines were invented to do human work. Yet people spend most of their lives operating, repairing and feeding them. The relationship has reversed. - **Humorous comparison.** The writer treats machines as stern masters that must be fed coal, given petrol and oil, and kept at the right temperature. If neglected, they "grow sulky and refuse to work" (they stop), or "burst with rage" (they explode and cause damage). So we must serve them carefully to keep them "in good temper". - **Dependence.** We already find it hard to work or play without machines. The writer warns that one day machines may rule us "as we rule the animals". #### Message Technology is useful only when humans stay in control. We need wisdom and self-discipline to manage the machines we make; otherwise we risk becoming their slaves. ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. What is the 'third great defect' of civilization? A. It does not know what to do with its knowledge B. It has too little scientific knowledge C. It has too many servants D. It dislikes machines Answer: A. Science gives godlike power but people use it like children. (Key point: Third defect) 2. How have machines changed from their original purpose? A. They have become cheaper than labour B. Made to be servants, they are becoming masters because humans depend on them C. They now work without fuel D. They have become less useful Answer: B. People spend lives looking after machines. (Key point: Servants become masters) 3. What does the writer mean by saying machines 'burst with rage'? A. They become noisy for fun B. They work faster when angry C. If neglected they may explode and cause destruction D. They are used for entertainment Answer: C. Neglected machines stop working or blow up. (Key point: Humorous comparison) 4. What is the essential message? A. Machines should be abolished B. Machines are always harmless C. Science should stop D. Technology is useful only when humans stay in control with wisdom and self-discipline Answer: D. Without control we risk becoming slaves of machines. 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