--- title: "Notes and summary: primary health care" subject: "Communication English" chapter: 1 key: "semester_5/communication_english:notes-summary-primary-health-care" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/communication_english/notes-summary-primary-health-care site: BCT Engineering --- # Notes and summary: primary health care Communication English · Chapter 1: Intensive Reading - Asked in: 2073 Shrawan, 5+5 marks - Video: [What is Primary Health Care ( PHC )?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvljECmG00g) — AB Mbbs - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/communication_english/notes-summary-primary-health-care - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_5/communication_english/chapter-1 ## Question Read the following passage carefully and (i) make notes and (ii) write summary. To solve the most urgent health problems of developing countries, experts have recommended that priority should be given to primary health care. [passage of about 400 words on primary health care, vaccination and polio eradication in developing countries] ... The boy, Luis Fermin, recovered and proved to be the last case of polio in the Americas. ## Short answer Experts advise making primary health care the top priority for developing countries. It stresses prevention through clean water, sanitation, mass vaccination and health education, plus basic treatment for all via local centres. Successes include Cuba's 1972 polio elimination, WHO immunization gains, and wiping out polio in the Americas by 1991. ## Answer #### Notes **Title: Primary health care in developing countries** 1. **Experts' advice** - Priority to primary health care (PHC) for urgent health problems - Stress on prevention and control of disease 2. **Prevention methods** - Clean water and sanitation - Mass vaccination - Health education: avoid malaria mosquitoes, nutrition for mothers and infants 3. **PHC also includes treatment** - Timely diagnosis and basic treatment for all, not costly technology for the few rich - Governments get incentives to build health centres and train health workers - Local centres are more accessible than a few big hospitals 4. **Successes** - Cuba eliminated polio in 1972 - WHO immunisation programme from 1974: by 1994, 80% of children covered, 3 million fewer child deaths yearly - Polio wiped out in the Americas (programme 1985; goal reached 1991) - Peru: nearly 2 million children vaccinated in one week; last case: Luis Fermin #### Summary Experts recommend primary health care as the first priority for developing countries. It stresses preventing disease through clean water, sanitation, mass vaccination and health education, and it also gives basic treatment to everyone through local health centres rather than costly care for a few. The approach has worked: Cuba eliminated polio in 1972, WHO immunisation raised child vaccination coverage and saved millions of lives, and polio was wiped out in the Americas by 1991. *(About 90 words.)* ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. What do experts recommend for developing countries' urgent health problems? A. Building a few big hospitals B. Costly technology for the rich C. Banning vaccination D. Priority to primary health care Answer: D. PHC stresses prevention and control of disease. (Key point: Experts' recommendation) 2. Which is a prevention method listed in the notes? A. Clean water and sanitation, mass vaccination, and health education B. Expensive surgery C. Foreign doctors only D. Private clinics Answer: A. These are the prevention methods of PHC. (Key point: Prevention methods) 3. Why are local health centres favoured? A. They are more costly B. They are more accessible than a few big hospitals C. They use advanced technology D. They treat only the rich Answer: B. PHC gives timely diagnosis and basic treatment for all. (Key point: Local health centres) 4. What success is mentioned? A. Polio was wiped out in Africa in 1950 B. Malaria ended worldwide C. Polio was wiped out from the Americas, the goal reached in 1991 D. Cuba built the first hospital Answer: C. The programme started in 1985; Peru's Luis Fermin was the last case. (Key point: Success) ## Related in Communication English - [Notes and summary: heart attack of Valavalkar](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Anotes-summary-valavalkar-heart-attack) — Communication English, chapter 1 - [Minutes: Public Health Care Society first meeting](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Aminutes-public-health-care-society-first-meeting) — Communication English, chapter 5 - [Notes and summary: religion and wealth](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Anotes-summary-religion-wealth) — Communication English, chapter 1 - [Notes and summary: Australian resources and tourism](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Anotes-summary-aboriginal-tourism) — Communication English, chapter 1 - [Notes and summary: social presence of women and men](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Anotes-summary-womans-presence) — Communication English, chapter 1 - [Notes and summary: democracy and social conviction](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Anotes-summary-democracy-untouchability) — Communication English, chapter 1 ## Related in other subjects - [Health care center class diagram to code](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fobject_oriented_analysis_and_design%3Ahealth-care-class-diagram-code) — Object Oriented Analysis and Design, chapter 4 - [Case study: recommended changes and convincing](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Finstrumentation_ii%3Acs-recommend-changes) — Instrumentation II, chapter 10, asked 2× - [Preemptive priority and SRTF Gantt](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Foperating_system%3Apreemptive-priority-srtf-gantt) — Operating System, chapter 2 - [Event management system summary and class diagram](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fobject_oriented_analysis_and_design%3Aoems-executive-summary-class-diagram) — Object Oriented Analysis and Design, chapter 2