--- title: "Report on advancement in science and technology" subject: "Communication English" chapter: 9 key: "semester_5/communication_english:report-advancement-science-technology-nepal" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/communication_english/report-advancement-science-technology-nepal site: BCT Engineering --- # Report on advancement in science and technology Communication English · Chapter 9: Formal Reports - Asked in: 2079 Baishakh, 10 marks - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/communication_english/report-advancement-science-technology-nepal - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_5/communication_english/chapter-9 ## Question Write a report on advancement in the field of science and technology in Nepal in the last ten years to submit it to Ministry of Science and Technology, Singhadurbar, Kathmandu. Show only title page, introduction, discussion, conclusion and recommendation parts of the report. ## Short answer Nepal advanced in ICT with widespread 4G and digital payments, completed the 456 MW Upper Tamakoshi hydropower project, and launched its first satellite NepaliSat-1. However, research funding remains below 0.5% of GDP and many skilled graduates migrate. Recommendations include raising the research budget to at least 1% of the national budget and fostering university-industry linkage. ## Answer #### Title page ```text REPORT ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL IN THE LAST TEN YEARS Submitted to: The Secretary Ministry of Science and Technology Singha Durbar, Kathmandu Submitted by: Dr. Narayan Bhattarai Research Officer 10 January 2027 ``` #### Introduction Science and technology (S&T) are key forces for national development. Nepal has been a late starter because of its small economy, difficult geography and the earthquake of 2015, but it has made visible progress in the last ten years. This report describes the main developments in S&T in the period 2017 to 2026, discusses their significance and problems, and gives recommendations. It is based on government reports, publications of the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), and news articles. It covers information technology, energy, space, health and agriculture. #### Discussion 1. **Information and communication technology:** 4G mobile internet has spread to most of the country; digital payment wallets and mobile banking are used by millions; the National ID, online government services and e-learning have grown. The number of software companies and start-ups has increased. 2. **Energy:** the 456 MW Upper Tamakoshi hydropower project was completed in 2021; electricity generation has increased several times, so that Nepal now exports power to India and Bangladesh in the wet season. Solar systems are spreading. 3. **Space and research:** NepaliSat-1, Nepal's first satellite, was built by Nepali engineers and launched in 2019, showing the capacity of young scientists. NAST and the universities have expanded their research programmes. 4. **Health:** telemedicine, digital health records and PCR laboratories were set up during the COVID-19 pandemic; modern diagnostic and surgical facilities have also been added. 5. **Agriculture and environment:** improved seeds, drip irrigation, weather forecasting and remote sensing are used more widely. 6. **Education:** the number of engineering and technical colleges, the use of online platforms and the number of research centres have increased. However, challenges remain: research funding is below 0.5 percent of GDP, many skilled graduates migrate, laboratory facilities are limited, and the links between the universities, industry and the government are weak. #### Conclusion Nepal has made notable progress in S&T in the past decade, especially in ICT, hydropower and health. However, the progress is uneven, and it relies largely on imported technology. The country needs to increase research and local innovation to benefit fully from these advances. #### Recommendations 1. Increase the research budget gradually to at least 1 percent of the national budget. 2. Establish science parks and incubation centres in each province. 3. Give incentives and scholarships to retain talented researchers. 4. Build close cooperation among universities, industries and the government. 5. Update school science education with laboratories and practical learning. 6. Promote open data, cyber security and digital literacy. 7. Develop a national policy on emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and renewable energy. ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. The question asks to show only certain parts of the report. Which set does the answer present? A. Title page, introduction, discussion, conclusion and recommendations B. Abstract, methodology, results, conclusion and references C. Letter of transmittal, table of contents, abstract and appendices D. Title page, abstract, discussion and bibliography Answer: A. The question names title page, introduction, discussion, conclusion and recommendation, and the answer gives exactly these parts. (Key point: Parts required) 2. To whom is the report on science and technology addressed on the title page? A. The Director of NAST B. The Secretary, Ministry of Science and Technology, Singha Durbar C. The Vice-Chancellor of Tribhuvan University D. The Chief Engineer, Department of Roads Answer: B. The question requires submission to the Ministry of Science and Technology, so the title page addresses its Secretary at Singha Durbar. (Key point: Title page addressee) 3. Which set of challenges does the discussion identify for Nepal's S&T? A. Too many research funds and too few students B. Low research funding (below 0.5 percent of GDP), skilled migration, limited laboratories and weak university-industry-government links C. Lack of mobile internet and no hydropower projects D. Excessive imports of food and high taxes on software Answer: B. The discussion ends with these challenges: research funds below 0.5 percent of GDP, migration of graduates, limited labs and weak links. (Key point: Challenges in discussion) 4. Which recommendation directly addresses the loss of talented graduates? A. Update school science education B. Develop a national policy on emerging technologies C. Give incentives and scholarships to retain talented researchers D. Promote open data and cyber security Answer: C. Incentives and scholarships are proposed to retain researchers, answering the migration problem. 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