--- title: "Report on low rainfall in Kathmandu" subject: "Communication English" chapter: 9 key: "semester_5/communication_english:report-low-rainfall-kathmandu" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/communication_english/report-low-rainfall-kathmandu site: BCT Engineering --- # Report on low rainfall in Kathmandu Communication English · Chapter 9: Formal Reports - Asked in: 2073 Chaitra, 10 marks - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/communication_english/report-low-rainfall-kathmandu - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_5/communication_english/chapter-9 ## Question There has been minimum rainfall in winter in Kathmandu this year. Write a report on the problems caused by it to the Kathmanduites. Prepare an outline of your report and then write cover page, abstract and introduction in detail. ## Short answer The outline includes typical sections. The cover page is submitted to the Mayor by Er. Sujata Bajracharya on 15 Feb 2027. The abstract notes only 4 mm rainfall caused water shortage, pollution, health issues, and crop loss; recommends rainwater harvesting, dust control, and health advice. The introduction explains reliance on winter rain and pollution trapping. ## Answer #### Outline of the report 1. Cover page 2. Letter of transmittal 3. Table of contents and list of figures 4. Abstract 5. Introduction (background, objectives, scope, method) 6. Findings: effects on water, air and health, agriculture, energy and daily life 7. Discussion 8. Conclusion 9. Recommendations 10. References and appendices #### Cover page ```text REPORT PROBLEMS CAUSED BY THE MINIMUM RAINFALL IN WINTER IN KATHMANDU Submitted to: The Mayor Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Kathmandu Submitted by: Er. Sujata Bajracharya Environmental Engineer Valley Water Research Centre 15 February 2027 ``` #### Abstract This winter, Kathmandu received almost no rain from November to January: only 4 mm, against the usual average of about 30 mm for the period (approximate figures, for illustration). This report studies the problems that the dry spell has caused to the people of Kathmandu Valley. Data were collected from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited, hospitals, and a quick survey of 150 households. The main effects are: a fall of about 30 percent in the output of drinking water sources; a high level of dust and particulate matter in the air, with the Air Quality Index often in the "unhealthy" range; a 25 percent increase in cases of cough, asthma and eye infection at hospitals; loss of wheat and vegetable crops on the Valley's farms; a higher risk of fire; and more power shortages because of lower hydropower generation. The report recommends rainwater harvesting, water saving, dust control and health advice. #### Introduction Kathmandu Valley depends on rain for its water supply and for clean air. Winter is normally dry in Nepal, but the usual light rain keeps the dust down and refills the springs and groundwater. This year, however, the lack of western disturbances has made the dry season longer and drier than usual. Kathmandu's population has grown beyond three million, but its water supply is far behind the demand: even in normal years, the shortage in the dry season is more than 150 million litres a day. The low rainfall has made the problem much worse. Traffic, brick kilns and construction add to the pollution, which is trapped in the bowl-shaped Valley. **Objectives.** (1) To find out how the lack of rainfall has affected people's lives; (2) to estimate the extent of the problems; (3) to suggest measures. **Scope and method.** The report covers the period from November to January in the Valley and is based on secondary data and a household survey. It does not study the long-term climate trend. ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. In the outline, where do Findings and Recommendations come relative to Introduction? A. Before the Abstract B. After the Introduction, with Findings, Discussion, Conclusion then Recommendations C. Recommendations come before the Introduction D. They are placed in the appendices Answer: B. The outline follows the order: Abstract, Introduction, Findings, Discussion, Conclusion, Recommendations, References. (Key point: Report outline) 2. Which combination of effects is reported in the abstract? A. Lower drinking-water source output, more dust and respiratory illness, crop loss and higher electricity load B. Floods, landslides and crop surplus C. Lower air pollution and more water D. Increased hydropower and cheaper vegetables Answer: A. Dry weather reduced spring output, worsened air quality, raised illness, hurt crops and cut hydropower. (Key point: Effects of dry spell) 3. Why is pollution worse in the Valley? A. It is flat and windy B. Pollution from traffic, kilns and construction is trapped in the bowl-shaped Valley C. There are no vehicles D. Rain washes it away Answer: B. The bowl-shaped Valley traps pollution, and without rain dust is not washed down. (Key point: Why pollution is trapped) 4. What does the stated scope exclude? A. The period November to January B. The long-term climate trend C. The household survey D. Secondary data Answer: B. The report does not study the long-term climate trend. (Key point: Scope) ## Related in Communication English - [Final project report: title page, abstract, recommendation](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Afinal-report-title-abstract-recommendation) — Communication English, chapter 8 - [Report on micro hydro project (abstract to findings)](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Areport-micro-hydro-project-manager) — Communication English, chapter 8 - [Project completion report outline for a factory](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Aproject-completion-report-factory) — Communication English, chapter 8 - [Report on sound pollution in Kathmandu Valley](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Areport-sound-pollution-kathmandu) — Communication English, chapter 9 - [Report on electricity demand-supply mismatch](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Areport-electricity-demand-supply-mismatch) — Communication English, chapter 9 - [Report on frequent strikes at factory](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fcommunication_english%3Areport-strikes-dynamics-tools) — Communication English, chapter 9 ## Related in other subjects - [Detail estimate report for sewerage project](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Festimating_and_costing%3Aestimate-report-sewerage) — Estimating and Costing, chapter 5, asked 2× - [Components of detail estimate report (road)](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Festimating_and_costing%3Adetail-estimate-report-road) — Estimating and Costing, chapter 5 - [Minimum thickness of radome cover](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_3%2Felectromagnetism%3Aradar-dish-plastic-cover-thickness) — Electromagnetism, chapter 4 - [Indoor air pollution and Kathmandu air problems](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Ftechnology_environment_and_society%3Aindoor-air-kathmandu-health) — Technology, Environment and Society, chapter 5