--- title: "Encode 1010011001 with five line codes" subject: "Data Communication" chapter: 5 key: "semester_5/data_communication:line-coding-1010011001" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/data_communication/line-coding-1010011001 site: BCT Engineering --- # Encode 1010011001 with five line codes Data Communication · Chapter 5: Data Encoding and Modulation - Asked in: 2074 Asoj, 2×5 marks - Video: [Line coding in digital communication- Polar, Unipolar, Bipolar, RZ ,NRZ in simple way | HINDI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHPa0VU27l0) — Electronics Subjectified - Answer checked by Claude Sonnet 5.5 on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/data_communication/line-coding-1010011001 - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_5/data_communication/chapter-5 ## Question Encode the bit stream 1010011001 using NRZ-L, NRZ-I, RZ, Manchester, Bipolar AMI encoding technique. ## Short answer NRZ-L: 1=+V, 0=-V. NRZ-I: toggles on 1, unchanged on 0. RZ: polar, pulse returns to zero mid-bit; 1=+V half, 0=-V half. Manchester: 1 low-to-high mid, 0 high-to-low. AMI: 0=0V, 1s alternate +V and -V starting +V. ## Answer Bit stream: 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 **Conventions used** (state these in the exam, as books differ): level before the first bit is low (-V); NRZ-L/RZ: 1 = +V, 0 = -V (unipolar: 0 = 0 V); NRZ-I: a 1 toggles the level at the start of the bit, a 0 keeps it; RZ: the pulse returns to zero in the middle of the bit; Manchester: 1 = low-to-high and 0 = high-to-low transition at mid-bit; differential Manchester: always a mid-bit transition, an extra transition at the start of the bit for a 0 and none for a 1; AMI: 0 = 0 V, 1s alternate +V and -V starting with +V. #### NRZ-L ```text 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 +V ----| |---| |-------| |--- 0 | | | | | | -V |---| |-------| |-------| ``` #### NRZ-I ```text 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 +V --------| |---| |--- 0 | | | | -V |-----------| |-----------| ``` #### RZ ```text 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 +V --| |-| |-| |-| |-| 0 |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |- -V |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| ``` #### Manchester ```text 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 +V |---| |---| |-| |-| |---| |-| |- 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | -V --| |---| |-| |---| |-| |-| |---| ``` #### AMI ```text 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 +V ----| |---| |--- 0 |---| |-------| | |-------| -V |---| |---| ``` AMI pulses: + 0 - 0 0 + - 0 0 +. ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. In RZ a 1 is: A. +V then 0 mid-bit B. -V then 0 C. +V whole bit D. 0 V Answer: A. Return to zero. (Key point: RZ) 2. Manchester 0: A. Low-to-high B. High-to-low mid-bit C. No transition D. Always low Answer: B. Convention. (Key point: Manchester 0) 3. AMI pulses: A. + 0 + 0 0 + + 0 0 + B. - 0 + 0 0 - + 0 0 - C. + 0 - 0 0 + - 0 0 + D. + 0 - 0 0 - + 0 0 - Answer: C. Alternate. (Key point: AMI) 4. For 1010011001 NRZ-I has transitions at: A. Every 0 B. Mid-bit C. Never D. Every 1 Answer: D. By rule. 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