--- title: "Spring intake with neat sketch" subject: "Water Supply Engineering" chapter: 5 key: "semester_5/water_supply_engineering:spring-intake-sketch" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/water_supply_engineering/spring-intake-sketch site: BCT Engineering --- # Spring intake with neat sketch Water Supply Engineering · Chapter 5: Intakes - Asked in: 2080 Bhadra, 8 marks; 2078 Kartik, 4+4 marks; 2074 Chaitra, 8 marks; 2070 Asar, 8 marks; 2068 Baisakh (old course), 8 marks; 2069 Asar, 8 marks; 2067 Asar (old course); 2066 Bhadra (old course) (asked 8 times) - Video: [Types of Intake Structure - Water Supply and Distribution of Water - Environmental Engineering 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrtbXAqmyIo) — Ekeeda - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_5/water_supply_engineering/spring-intake-sketch - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_5/water_supply_engineering/chapter-5 ## Question Describe the spring intake (generally used in hilly areas of Nepal) with a neat sketch showing plan, elevation, section and protection works. ## Short answer A spring intake collects water at the spring eye using a masonry chamber with gravel filter, outlet, overflow, washout, and vent pipes. Protection includes clay cap, diversion drain, fence, and vegetation. Plan shows chamber with filter and pipes; section shows water level, screens, and clay cover. ## Answer A **spring intake** (spring box or spring capture) is a small chamber built at the spring eye to collect all the flow from the spring, protect it from pollution, and send it to the pipeline by gravity. It is the most common intake for rural hilly areas of Nepal because springs give clean water at a high level. **Parts of a spring intake** - **Collection chamber** (spring box) of stone masonry or concrete, with a pre-cast cover and manhole. - **Gravel filter / perforated pipes** at the back wall to collect water uniformly from the spring eye. - **Outlet pipe** with a gate valve (and a strainer) to the pipeline. - **Overflow pipe** to take excess water; **washout (drain) pipe** with a valve for cleaning; **vent pipe** with a screen. - **Protection works**: clay/impervious cap over the spring, a **diversion drain** (catch drain) uphill to divert surface water, a **fence**, and a vegetation or plantation cover. **Plan** ```text Diversion drain (uphill) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | fence | | +---------------------+ | | | gravel filter :::: | | | | (spring eye) |-->| overflow | | collection chamber | | | | [manhole] outlet |==>| pipe to tank | +----------+----------+ | | washout pipe | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ``` **Section / elevation** ```text Vent Manhole cover | ____|_____ ground | | | clay cap (0.5 m) =======+--+ +============= | | air | Spring->|::| water lvl|--> overflow gravel |::|~~~~~~~~~~| filter |::| |==> outlet+valve |__|__________| washout pipe ``` ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. What is the purpose of a spring intake? A. Store floodwater B. Settle silt from rivers C. Pump river water to a plant D. Collect all spring flow, protect it from pollution, send it by gravity Answer: D. A spring box collects spring flow and protects it before it goes to the pipeline by gravity. (Key point: Purpose) 2. Why is a gravel filter or perforated pipes placed at the back wall? A. To collect water uniformly from the spring eye B. To support the cover C. To disinfect water D. To stop floods Answer: A. The filter lets water enter the chamber evenly from the spring eye. (Key point: Gravel filter) 3. Which is a protection work for a spring intake? A. Foot bridge B. Diversion drain uphill, fence, clay cap C. Groynes and wing walls D. Coarse screens in the river Answer: B. Clay cap, uphill catch drain and fence keep surface water and animals out. (Key point: Protection works) 4. What do the overflow and washout pipes do? A. Overflow cleans; washout vents air B. Both supply the village C. Overflow takes excess water; washout allows cleaning D. Both control pressure in the pipeline Answer: C. Overflow removes surplus flow, while the valved washout pipe is used for cleaning the chamber. (Key point: Overflow and washout) ## Related in Water Supply Engineering - [Intake type for hilly area of Nepal](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fwater_supply_engineering%3Aintake-for-hilly-area) — Water Supply Engineering, chapter 5, asked 2× - [Sources for hilly rural areas; river vs spring](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fwater_supply_engineering%3Ahilly-rural-sources-river-spring) — Water Supply Engineering, chapter 2 - [Intake site factors; spring intake](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fwater_supply_engineering%3Aspring-intake-site-factors) — Water Supply Engineering, chapter 5 - [Factors in constructing a spring intake](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fwater_supply_engineering%3Aspring-intake-factors-constructing) — Water Supply Engineering, chapter 5 ## Related in other subjects - [Cross drainage works favourable in hilly areas](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Firrigation_and_drainage_engineering%3Acd-works-hilly-areas) — Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, chapter 8 - [Headworks sketch, regulator section, protection works](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Firrigation_and_drainage_engineering%3Aheadworks-sketch-regulator-section-dissipators) — Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, chapter 7 - [Plan and elevation of English bond wall](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fconcrete_technology_and_masonry_structure%3Aenglish-bond-plan-elevation) — Concrete Technology and Masonry Structure, chapter 7, asked 2× - [Building shape in plan and elevation](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fbuilding_technology%3Abuilding-shape-plan-elevation) — Building Technology, chapter 11