--- title: "Door/window parts; casement, awning, hopper" subject: "Building Technology" chapter: 6 key: "semester_6/building_technology:door-window-parts-casement" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_6/building_technology/door-window-parts-casement site: BCT Engineering --- # Door/window parts; casement, awning, hopper Building Technology · Chapter 6: Doors and windows - Asked in: 2074 Bhadra, 8 marks - Video: [Window Anatomy 101](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BiOENv23DYQ) — Atrium Windows & Doors - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_6/building_technology/door-window-parts-casement - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_6/building_technology/chapter-6 ## Question Explain the general parts and terms used in door and window with necessary diagram. Define casement, awning and hopper window. ## Short answer General parts: frame (head, jambs, sill), shutter (styles, rails, panels), mullion, transom, architrave. Casement: side-hinged sash opens outward/inward. Awning: top-hinged sash opens outward at bottom for rain ventilation. Hopper: bottom-hinged sash opens inward at top, directing air upward. ## Answer #### General parts and terms ```text DOOR WINDOW +----------------------+ +------------------+ | head | | head | | +------------------+ | | +------+-------+ | | | top rail | | | | | | | | |------------------| | | | sash | sash | | | |s panel s| | | | | | | | |t lock rail t| | jamb ->| +------+-------+ | | |y panel y| | | sill | | |l bottom rail l| | +------------------+ | +------------------+ | | threshold | +----------------------+ ``` | Part | Description | |---|---| | Frame (chaukhat) | Fixed wooden/steel/RCC frame set in the opening; made of the head, two jambs (posts) and the sill/threshold | | Head | Top horizontal member of the frame | | Jamb / post | Vertical side member of the frame | | Horn | Projecting end (100-150 mm) of the head/sill built into the wall | | Sill / threshold | Bottom member (in windows) or floor-level strip (in doors) | | Shutter | Movable leaf that closes the opening | | Style | Vertical outer member of the shutter | | Rail | Horizontal member of the shutter (top, frieze, lock, bottom) | | Panel | Thin board or glass fitted in grooves between styles and rails | | Mullion | Vertical member dividing a frame into two or more openings | | Muntin | Intermediate vertical member between rails within a shutter | | Transom | Horizontal member dividing a frame into upper and lower parts | | Glazing bar | Thin member that divides a glass panel | | Architrave | Moulded decorative cover over the joint between frame and wall | | Holdfast | Metal strap fixing the frame to the wall | | Hinge, bolt, lock | Fittings for hanging and closing the shutter | | Reveal | Side surface of the wall opening | #### Casement, awning and hopper windows - **Casement window:** shutters are hinged on the vertical side and open outward or inward like a door; gives a full opening for ventilation. - **Awning window:** the shutter is hinged at the top and opens outward at the bottom; allows ventilation even during rain. - **Hopper window:** the shutter is hinged at the bottom and opens inward at the top; directs air upward and keeps rain out. ```text Casement Awning Hopper +--+--+ +------+ +------+ | /|\ | | hinge| | | |/ | \| | \ / | | / \ | +--+--+ +------+ +hinge-+ side hinge top hinge bottom hinge ``` ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. Which description matches an awning window? A. Hinged at bottom, opens inward at top B. Hinged at the side, opens like a door C. Hinged at top and opens outward at the bottom, allowing ventilation in rain D. Slides horizontally Answer: C. An awning window is top-hinged and opens outward at the bottom, so it can stay open during rain. (Key point: Awning window) 2. What is the effect of a hopper window? A. Opens fully like a door B. Gives light only C. Slides up and down D. Directs air upward and prevents rain entry Answer: D. Hinged at the bottom and opening inward at the top, it directs air up and keeps rain out. (Key point: Hopper window) 3. A casement window is hinged A. On the vertical side B. At the top C. At the bottom D. At the centre pivot Answer: A. Casement shutters are hinged at the vertical side and open like a door, giving full opening. 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