--- title: "Necessity and types of shoring" subject: "Building Technology" chapter: 8 key: "semester_6/building_technology:shoring-necessity-types" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_6/building_technology/shoring-necessity-types site: BCT Engineering --- # Necessity and types of shoring Building Technology · Chapter 8: Temporary construction - Asked in: 2065 Shrawan (old course), 16 marks; 2062 Poush (old course) (asked 2 times) - Video: [What is shoring Types of Shoring | Raking Shores | Flying shores | Dead shores | Construction repair](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M98t5HHMRJU) — Real civil - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_6/building_technology/shoring-necessity-types - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_6/building_technology/chapter-8 ## Question What is shoring? Illustrate the necessity (conditions of applying) of shoring. Describe the types of shoring with neat and clean sketches giving the names of different parts. ## Short answer Shoring is temporary support to prevent collapse of unsafe walls or structures during repairs. Necessity arises from bulging/cracked walls, adjacent demolition/excavation, foundation weakening, alterations removing load-bearing elements, or damage from earthquakes/fire. Types: raking shores (inclined rakers on sole plates with wall plates/needles), flying shores (horizontal shores between walls with struts/straining pieces), dead shores (vertical posts with needles transferring vertical loads to ground). ## Answer **Shoring** is the temporary support given to an unsafe wall, building or structure to prevent it from collapsing, using inclined, horizontal or vertical timber or steel members, until permanent repair or reconstruction is done. #### Necessity (conditions for shoring) - A wall is bulging, leaning or cracked and may collapse. - An adjacent building is being demolished, or an excavation is made nearby. - The foundation of the building is weakened (settlement, flood, underpinning work). - Alterations: removing a wall, opening or pier that carries load from above. - Damage from an earthquake, fire or vehicle impact. #### Types of shoring **1. Raking shore:** **Raking (inclined) shore:** inclined members (rakers) support a wall from the outside. Rakers are at 60-70 degrees to the ground. At the top they bear on **needles** fixed through a **wall plate** that is secured to the wall, and at the bottom they rest on a **sole plate** on a firm base. **Cleats** and **braces** hold the members together. ```text wall plate wall |==|\ needle | | | \ raker | | | \ cleat | | | \ | | | \ --+----+--+-----\--- ground sole plate ``` Parts: wall plate, needles, rakers, cleats, braces, sole plate and wedges. Types: simple (single raker), compound/double (two or more rakers meeting the wall at different levels), and multiple raking shores for high walls (up to three storeys). **2. Flying shore:** **Flying (horizontal) shore:** used when two parallel walls with a narrow gap (3-9 m) between them are to be supported, e.g. when the building between them is demolished. A **horizontal shore** is fixed between wall plates on the two walls, supported on needles, with inclined **struts** from lower needles up to **straining pieces** on the horizontal shore. No part touches the ground, hence "flying". ```text wall wall | ||==N====== horizontal shore ======N==|| | | || [sp] [sp] || | | || / \ || | | || / strut strut \ || | | || / \ || | | ||N/ \N|| | | || || | || = wall plate, N = needle, [sp] = straining piece ``` A single flying shore is used for gaps up to about 9 m; a double (compound) flying shore is used for wider gaps. The system is cheaper than raking shores and keeps the ground clear for work. **3. Dead shore:** **Dead (vertical) shore:** used to support the floors and roofs above when a wall is removed, an opening is made in a lower storey, or the lower wall is repaired. It transfers the vertical load to the ground. It consists of vertical posts (**dead shores**) on a **sole plate** at the bottom, a **needle** (horizontal beam) passing through the wall at the top, and **braces**, **cleats** and **wedges** to take up the weight. ```text floor above ____|==needle==|____ wall| | | |wall wall| | post | | wall| | post | | |_|______|_| sole plate ``` ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. What is shoring? A. Permanent support of foundations B. Temporary support to an unsafe wall or structure to prevent collapse C. Plastering of walls D. Excavation of trenches Answer: B. Shoring is temporary support using timber or steel until permanent repair is done. (Key point: Definition) 2. Which is a valid condition for applying shoring? A. Windows are being cleaned B. Wall has been freshly painted C. Floor tiles are being replaced D. Wall is bulging, leaning or cracked and may collapse Answer: D. Unsafe walls, nearby demolition or excavation, weakened foundation, alterations and damage call for shoring. (Key point: Necessity) 3. Which parts hold the top and bottom of a raker? A. Sole plate on top, wall plate at bottom B. Wall plate with needles at top, sole plate at bottom C. Both on the ground D. Needle at the bottom Answer: B. The raker is fixed to a wall plate (with needles) on the wall and to a sole plate resting on firm base. (Key point: Raking shore parts) 4. A dead shore consists of: A. Inclined rakers and wall plate B. Horizontal shores between walls C. Vertical posts on a sole plate with a needle through the wall, braces, cleats and wedges D. Poling boards and struts Answer: C. Vertical posts carry the needle which supports the load above; sole plate, braces, cleats and wedges complete it. (Key point: Dead shore parts) ## Related in Building Technology - [Flying shoring with neat sketches](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fbuilding_technology%3Aflying-shoring-sketch) — Building Technology, chapter 8 - [Shoring and its types](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fbuilding_technology%3Ashoring-types) — Building Technology, chapter 8, asked 3× - [Shoring types and flying shore](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fbuilding_technology%3Ashoring-flying) — Building Technology, chapter 8, asked 2× - [Brick layer's scaffold and dead shoring](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fbuilding_technology%3Ascaffold-brick-layer-dead-shore) — Building Technology, chapter 8 - [Shoring, its objectives and types](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fbuilding_technology%3Ashoring-objectives-types) — Building Technology, chapter 8 ## Related in other subjects - [Types of tunnel supports and necessity](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fhydropower_engineering%3Atunnel-supports-types-necessity) — Hydropower Engineering, chapter 6 - [Types of cross drainage works with sketches](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Firrigation_and_drainage_engineering%3Acd-works-types-definition-sketches) — Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, chapter 8, asked 9× - [Parts of pressurized and non-pressurized RoR intake](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fhydropower_engineering%3Aintake-parts-pressurized-nonpressurized-sketch) — Hydropower Engineering, chapter 5 - [Budgetary control; objectives, advantages, conditions](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Abudgetary-control-objectives-conditions) — Project Engineering, chapter 6