---
title: "Bracket angles riveted to column, 180 kN"
subject: "Design of Steel and Timber Structure"
chapter: 4
key: "semester_6/design_of_steel_and_timber_structure:bracket-rivets-2-ias-110"
source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_6/design_of_steel_and_timber_structure/bracket-rivets-2-ias-110
site: BCT Engineering
---

# Bracket angles riveted to column, 180 kN

Design of Steel and Timber Structure · Chapter 4: Connections in Steel Structures

- Asked in: 2068 Magh (old course), 14 marks
- Video: [Angle Bracket Horizontal Load Heel Toe](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAkRA3hGnpc) — Stress Ebook LLC.
- Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14
- Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_6/design_of_steel_and_timber_structure/bracket-rivets-2-ias-110
- Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_6/design_of_steel_and_timber_structure/chapter-4

## Question

Design the connection between the bracket angles 2-IAS 110× 110 × 8 mm and column using (i) power driven (hot) shop rivets (ii) Power driven (cold) shop rivets, as shown in figure below.
[Figure: P = 180 K (kN) acting at 275 mm from the column; vertical rivet line with 40 mm end distances at top and bottom and 60 mm pitch between 9 rivets]

## Short answer

Each angle requires 9 nos. 20 mm rivets at 60 mm pitch and 40 mm end distance, suitable for both hot-driven and cold-driven shop rivets.

## Answer

**Basis:** working stress method (IS 800:1984), rivet diameter 20 mm (hole 21.5 mm), $P=180$ kN (working) at $e=275$ mm. The load is shared equally by the two angles, 90 kN each. Each angle has one vertical line of 9 rivets, pitch 60 mm, end distance 40 mm, connected to the column flange. The rivets act in single shear, and the 8 mm angle leg governs bearing.

#### Permissible stresses (IS 800:1984)
| Rivet | Shear $\tau_{vf}$ | Bearing $\sigma_{pf}$ |
|---|---|---|
| (i) Power-driven (hot) shop rivet | 100 N/mm² | 300 N/mm² |
| (ii) Power-driven (cold-driven) rivet, taken at the field value | 90 N/mm² | 270 N/mm² |

#### Rivet values (area of hole $=363.1$ mm²)
| Case | Shear value (kN) | Bearing value $\sigma_{pf}\,d_0\,t$ (kN) | Rivet value (kN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| (i) hot | 36.31 | 51.60 | **36.31** |
| (ii) cold | 32.67 | 46.44 | **32.67** |

#### Force in the extreme rivet (one angle)
- Moment $M=90\times275=24750$ kN·mm
- $\Sigma y^2=2(60^2+120^2+180^2+240^2)=216000$ mm²
- Horizontal force (torsion) at the extreme rivet: $F_x=\dfrac{M y_{max}}{\Sigma y^2}=\dfrac{24750\times240}{216000}=27.50$ kN
- Direct (vertical) shear: $F_d=\dfrac{90}{9}=10.00$ kN
- Resultant: $R=\sqrt{27.50^2+10.00^2}=29.26$ kN

#### Check
- (i) $R=29.26\ \text{kN}<36.31$ kN → safe (ratio 0.81).
- (ii) $R=29.26\ \text{kN}<32.67$ kN → safe (ratio 0.90).

**Answer: provide 9 nos. 20 mm rivets at 60 mm pitch (40 mm end distance) in each of the two angles, for both hot-driven and cold-driven rivets.** (18 mm rivets would be marginal and 16 mm rivets unsafe.)

## Check yourself

The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why.

1. How is the 180 kN load treated for the two bracket angles?
   A. Shared equally, 90 kN per angle
   B. One angle takes all
   C. Divided by the number of rivets only
   D. Each angle takes 180 kN
   Answer: A. Two angles share equally, so each carries 90 kN at the 275 mm eccentricity. (Key point: Load per angle)

2. For a hot-driven 20 mm rivet, shear value is 36.31 kN and bearing value is 51.60 kN. What is the rivet value?
   A. 51.60 kN
   B. 87.9 kN
   C. 44.0 kN
   D. 36.31 kN
   Answer: D. Rivet value is the lesser, so shear governs at 36.31 kN. (Key point: Rivet value)

3. How is the resultant at the extreme rivet found?
   A. 27.5 + 10 = 37.5 kN
   B. sqrt(27.5^2 + 10^2) = 29.26 kN
   C. 27.5 - 10 = 17.5 kN
   D. 10 x 27.5 = 275 kN
   Answer: B. Torsional force F_x = My_max/Σy^2 = 27.5 kN is horizontal and direct shear 10 kN is vertical, so combine at right angles. (Key point: Extreme rivet force)

4. Why is the cold-driven rivet value lower?
   A. Cold rivets are smaller
   B. Permissible stresses are lower (90 and 270 N/mm^2)
   C. More rivets are used
   D. The angle is thinner
   Answer: B. Lower permissible stresses give a value of 32.67 kN, still above 29.26 kN so the same 9 rivets are safe. (Key point: Cold-driven rivets)

## Related in Design of Steel and Timber Structure

- [Bolted bracket connection, 200 kN at 250 mm](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fdesign_of_steel_and_timber_structure%3Abracket-bolted-200kn-250mm) — Design of Steel and Timber Structure, chapter 4
- [Shop welded bracket, 5 mm fillet, safe load](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fdesign_of_steel_and_timber_structure%3Abracket-weld-safe-load-5mm) — Design of Steel and Timber Structure, chapter 4
- [Shear stress in rivets B and C](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fdesign_of_steel_and_timber_structure%3Arivet-shear-stress-b-c) — Design of Steel and Timber Structure, chapter 4
- [Tee bracket bolted to column flange, M24](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fdesign_of_steel_and_timber_structure%3Abracket-tee-m24) — Design of Steel and Timber Structure, chapter 4
- [Max tension in 220x12 plate with rivets](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fdesign_of_steel_and_timber_structure%3Arivet-flat-tension-220x12) — Design of Steel and Timber Structure, chapter 4
- [Eccentric bolted bracket, ISMB 300, 220 kN](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fdesign_of_steel_and_timber_structure%3Abracket-bolted-ismb300-220kn) — Design of Steel and Timber Structure, chapter 4

## Related in other subjects

- [Hot and cold working; temperature and strain rate](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_4%2Fmanufacturing_and_production_processes%3Ahot-cold-working-friction-strain-rate) — Manufacturing and Production Processes, chapter 5
- [Force method: reactions at D, frame with 110 kN](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Ftheory_of_structures_ii%3Aforce-method-frame-110kn-30knm-d) — Theory of Structures II, chapter 2
- [Brick column design for 80 kN axial load](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_5%2Fconcrete_technology_and_masonry_structure%3Abrick-column-80kn-roof) — Concrete Technology and Masonry Structure, chapter 8
- [UPF power received with 275 kV both ends](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_4%2Fpower_system_analysis_i%3Aunity-pf-power-275kv) — Power System Analysis I, chapter 6