--- title: "Conceptual, specification, implementation model classification" subject: "Object Oriented Analysis and Design" chapter: 2 key: "semester_6/object_oriented_analysis_and_design:hospital-conceptual-specification-implementation" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_6/object_oriented_analysis_and_design/hospital-conceptual-specification-implementation site: BCT Engineering --- # Conceptual, specification, implementation model classification Object Oriented Analysis and Design · Chapter 2: Object Oriented Analysis - Asked in: 2069 Bhadra, 6 marks - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_6/object_oriented_analysis_and_design/hospital-conceptual-specification-implementation - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_6/object_oriented_analysis_and_design/chapter-2 ## Question Here are some of the requirements for a system that you are going to build for the Grand Care Hospital, which is coming in operation soon. Identify which of the following information are used in building Conceptual, Specification and Implementation model. (a) Each out-patient registration process takes an average of 90 seconds. (b) Liver unit will treat the Jaundice patients. (c) All bio-chemistry tests are carried out in Pathology department. (d) The newly installed GE USG machine can record diagnostic video too. Extended computer interfacing is required with Windows OS and mpeg-4 application. (e) Each Gastro-patient going to operation theater (OT) is to be re-evaluated for bowel status exactly 30 minutes before their OT schedule. (f) Some of the gastro-patients visit Liver unit too. ## Short answer a) Specification (time); b) Conceptual (unit treats disease); c) Conceptual (test in department); d) Implementation (OS, video format); e) Specification (timing rule before OT); f) Conceptual (patient-unit association). ## Answer Following Fowler's three perspectives of modelling: - **Conceptual model:** describes the concepts of the domain and their relationships, as the domain experts see them. No software is considered. - **Specification model:** describes the software's interfaces, behaviour, rules and required performance (what the software must do), not how it is built. - **Implementation model:** describes how the software is actually built: platform, technology, language, hardware, formats. | Item | Information | Model | Reason | |---|---|---|---| | (a) | Registration takes an average 90 seconds | **Specification** | A performance/timing requirement on the software's behaviour | | (b) | Liver unit treats Jaundice patients | **Conceptual** | Domain fact: relation between `Unit` and `Disease/Patient` | | (c) | Bio-chemistry tests are done in Pathology department | **Conceptual** | Domain fact: relation between `Test` and `Department` | | (d) | GE USG records video; interfacing with Windows OS and mpeg-4 | **Implementation** | Names a device, OS and file format (technology) | | (e) | Gastro-patient re-evaluated exactly 30 min before OT | **Specification** | A rule on the behaviour/timing of the system's operation | | (f) | Some gastro-patients visit Liver unit too | **Conceptual** | Association with multiplicity between `Patient` and `Unit` (many-to-many) | ```text Conceptual: Patient *---* Unit Test *---1 Department Specification: register() <= 90 s ; reEvaluate(OT - 30 min) Implementation: Windows OS, MPEG-4 video, GE USG interface ``` ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. Which pairing of model and description is correct (Fowler)? A. Conceptual: platform and language; Implementation: domain concepts B. Conceptual: domain concepts as experts see them; Specification: software interfaces, behaviour and performance; Implementation: how software is built C. Specification: hardware only; Conceptual: code D. All three describe code Answer: B. Fowler's three perspectives separate domain, software interface and construction. (Key point: Model definitions) 2. Which model do 'registration takes an average of 90 seconds' and 're-evaluate exactly 30 minutes before OT' belong to? A. Conceptual B. Specification C. Implementation D. None of them Answer: B. Both are timing/behaviour rules on the software's operation. (Key point: Classify (a) and (e)) 3. Why is 'GE USG records video; interface with Windows OS and mpeg-4' an implementation item? A. It names a device, OS and file format (technology) B. It describes a domain relationship C. It gives a performance rule D. It shows multiplicity Answer: A. Specific technology belongs to the implementation model. (Key point: Classify (d)) 4. Which model do 'Liver unit treats Jaundice', 'bio-chemistry tests in Pathology' and 'some gastro-patients visit Liver unit' belong to? A. Specification B. Implementation C. Conceptual D. Performance Answer: C. They are domain facts and associations between concepts such as Patient, Unit, Test and Department. 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