--- title: "Problem statement and UML building blocks" subject: "Object Oriented Analysis and Design" chapter: 2 key: "semester_6/object_oriented_analysis_and_design:result-management-problem-statement-uml-blocks" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_6/object_oriented_analysis_and_design/result-management-problem-statement-uml-blocks site: BCT Engineering --- # Problem statement and UML building blocks Object Oriented Analysis and Design · Chapter 2: Object Oriented Analysis - Asked in: 2069 Poush, 4+6 marks - Video: [Introduction to UML (Unified Modelling Language🤟) with examples | Software Engineering👷‍♂️👷‍♀️](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qKKcUZqfQk) — Gate Smashers - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_6/object_oriented_analysis_and_design/result-management-problem-statement-uml-blocks - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_6/object_oriented_analysis_and_design/chapter-2 ## Question IOE is willing to develop a system for the student result management of its BE program. Now prepare the problem statement from the side of Examination control Division. What are building blocks of UML? Explain with suitable examples and notations. ## Short answer The Examination Control Division needs a web-based system to manage BE student results: store student/program/subject data, collect marks from examiners/campuses, auto-calculate grades, publish results, handle re-totalling, and generate reports. UML building blocks are Things (structural: class, interface; behavioral: interaction, state machine; grouping: package; annotational: note), Relationships (dependency, association, generalization, realization), and Diagrams (structural: class, component; behavioral: use case, sequence, state, activity). ## Answer #### Problem statement (from the Examination Control Division) **Title:** Student Result Management System for the BE programme, IOE. **Present situation:** The Examination Control Division (ECD) of IOE receives marks from the examiners and the affiliated campuses (internal assessment and theory/practical marks) on paper or in spreadsheets, enters them manually, calculates totals and grades, prepares mark sheets and publishes results. This is slow, error-prone, hard to verify and hard to update for re-totalling and back papers. **Proposed system:** A web-based system to 1. Keep records of students, programmes, semesters, subjects and campuses. 2. Let examiners and campuses submit internal and external marks, with checks and approval. 3. Calculate totals, percentage, grade/division, pass or fail, and back papers automatically. 4. Publish results by roll number, and print mark sheets and transcripts. 5. Support re-totalling, correction and result history. 6. Give reports (pass percentage, rank, campus-wise results). **Users:** ECD staff (administrator), examiner, campus exam officer, student. **Constraints:** secure access, data integrity, backup, heavy load on result day. #### Building blocks of UML UML has three kinds of building blocks. **1. Things** - *Structural:* class, interface, use case, component, node, collaboration. - *Behavioural:* interaction (message), state machine. - *Grouping:* package. - *Annotational:* note. ```text +-----------+ +---------------+ O ( Publish Result ) +--------+ | Student | | <> | /|\ | note | |-----------| | Printable | / \ +--------+ | rollNo | +---------------+ Actor use case | getResult | +-----------+ class interface ``` **2. Relationships** - *Dependency* (dashed arrow), *Association* (solid line), *Generalization* (solid line with hollow triangle), *Realization* (dashed line with hollow triangle). ```text Student ------- Result (association) Student -|> Person (generalization) Report - - -> Student (dependency) ``` **3. Diagrams** (views of the model) - Structural: class, object, component, deployment, package. - Behavioural: use case, sequence, collaboration (communication), state, activity. Example: for the result system, the *class diagram* shows `Student`, `Subject`, `Result`; the *use case diagram* shows the actor ECD Staff with the use case "Publish Result"; the *sequence diagram* shows `getResult(roll)` between `Student`, `ResultController` and `Database`. ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. Which set correctly lists the three kinds of building blocks of UML? A. Things, relationships, diagrams B. Classes, objects, diagrams C. Actors, use cases, relationships D. Things, attributes, operations Answer: A. UML is built from things, relationships and diagrams. (Key point: Three kinds of UML building blocks) 2. Which is NOT one of the four categories of 'things' in UML? A. Relational B. Annotational C. Behavioural D. Structural Answer: A. Things are structural, behavioural, grouping and annotational. Relationships are a separate building block. (Key point: Categories of things) 3. Which relationship is drawn as a dashed line with a hollow triangle? A. Realization B. Dependency C. Association D. Generalization Answer: A. Realization is dashed with a hollow triangle; generalization is solid with a hollow triangle. (Key point: Relationship notation) 4. Why does the ECD want the new result system, according to the problem statement? A. Examiners refuse to submit marks B. Manual entry of marks and calculation is slow and error prone C. The campuses have no computers D. Students cannot see results at all Answer: B. The present process uses paper/spreadsheets, manual calculation and is slow, error prone and hard to update. (Key point: Problem statement content) ## Related in Object Oriented Analysis and Design - [Event management system summary and class diagram](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fobject_oriented_analysis_and_design%3Aoems-executive-summary-class-diagram) — Object Oriented Analysis and Design, chapter 2 - [Student course department class diagram](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fobject_oriented_analysis_and_design%3Astudent-course-diagram-type) — Object Oriented Analysis and Design, chapter 2 - [KUKL customer system design and code](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Fobject_oriented_analysis_and_design%3Akukl-use-case-class-diagram-code) — Object Oriented Analysis and Design, chapter 4 ## Related in other subjects - [Protected specifier; student/test/result program](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_3%2Fobject_oriented_programming%3Aprotected-three-class-program) — Object Oriented Programming, chapter 6 - [HTML5 IOE examination registration form](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fweb_technology%3Ahtml5-registration-form) — Web Technology, chapter 2 - [BoQ for IOE ICT building six labs](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Finternet_and_intranet%3Aboq-ioe-ict-six-labs) — Internet and Intranet, chapter 5 - [Steps to develop a computer program](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_1%2Fcomputer_programming%3Asteps-develop-program) — Computer Programming, chapter 2, asked 6×