---
title: "Building: excavation, second footing, wood frames"
subject: "Estimating and Costing"
chapter: 6
key: "semester_7/estimating_and_costing:building-j-second-footing"
source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/estimating_and_costing/building-j-second-footing
site: BCT Engineering
---

# Building: excavation, second footing, wood frames

Estimating and Costing · Chapter 6: Detailed Estimate

- Asked in: 2076 Asoj, 12 marks
- Video: [Excavation footing।।Sand filling kitana Krna h।। Building estimation part 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnFPW9AieJ0) — Civil engineer Ajay Kumar
- Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14
- Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/estimating_and_costing/building-j-second-footing
- Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_7/estimating_and_costing/chapter-6

## Question

Estimate the quantities of the following items of work from the accompanying building drawings:
a) Earthwork in excavation in foundation
b) Brick work in 2nd footing in foundation
c) Wood work for doors and windows frame
[Drawing not included in the scanned paper]

## Short answer

For assumed room 5.0×3.5 m: earthwork excavation 16.13 m³, brickwork in second footing 1.24 m³, and woodwork for frames 0.111 m³.

## Answer

The drawing is not available, so a room 5.0 m × 3.5 m clear with 230 mm walls is assumed. Centre-line length = 2(5.0 + 3.5 + 0.46) = 17.92 m.

Foundation assumed: trench 0.90 m wide × 1.00 m deep, PCC 1:3:6 200 mm, **first footing** 0.69 m × 0.15 m, **second footing** 0.46 m × 0.15 m (each footing step projects 115 mm, i.e. half a brick, on each side beyond the one above), then 230 mm wall. Openings: D 1.0 × 2.1 m (1 no.), W 1.2 × 1.2 m (2 nos.); frame 100 × 75 mm.

#### a) Earthwork in excavation
| Item | No. | L (m) | B (m) | H/D (m) | Qty (m³) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trench, all walls (centre-line) | 1 | 17.920 | 0.900 | 1.000 | 16.128 |
| **Total** | | | | | **16.128** |

#### b) Brickwork in second footing
The second footing is the upper step, 0.46 m wide:

| Item | No. | L (m) | B (m) | H/D (m) | Qty (m³) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Second footing, 0.46 m wide | 1 | 17.920 | 0.460 | 0.150 | 1.236 |
| **Total** | | | | | **1.236** |

(If your drawing counts the lower, wider step as the "second" footing, its quantity is 1.85 m³, found the same way.)

#### c) Wood work for door and window frames
| Item | No. | L (m) | B (m) | H/D (m) | Qty (m³) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Door frame 2×2.1 + 1.0 | 1 | 5.200 | 0.100 | 0.075 | 0.0390 |
| Window frames 2 × (2×1.2 + 2×1.2) | 2 | 4.800 | 0.100 | 0.075 | 0.0720 |
| **Total** | | | | | **0.1110** |

**Answer:** Excavation 16.13 m³; second-footing brickwork 1.24 m³; frame timber 0.111 m³ (assumed dimensions).

## Check yourself

The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why.

1. How is the centre-line length 17.92 m obtained for a 5.0 x 3.5 m clear room with 230 mm walls?
   A. 2(5.0 + 3.5 + 0.46), that is clear lengths plus one wall thickness per side
   B. 2(5.0 + 3.5) = 17.0 m
   C. 2(5.0 + 3.5 + 0.23)
   D. 2(5.0 + 3.5 + 0.92)
   Answer: A. Each side's centre-line is clear length + wall thickness (0.23), so 2 x (5.23 + 3.73) = 17.92 m. (Key point: Centre-line length)

2. In this answer, which step is the second footing and what is its width?
   A. The lower step, 0.69 m wide
   B. The upper step, 0.46 m wide
   C. The PCC bed, 0.90 m wide
   D. The wall itself, 0.23 m wide
   Answer: B. The footing next to the wall is the second (upper) step, 0.46 m wide; the wider 0.69 m step below is the first footing. (Key point: Second footing width)

3. Why does each footing step differ in width by 0.23 m (0.23, 0.46, 0.69)?
   A. Each step projects one full brick on one side only
   B. Each step is one brick thick
   C. Each step projects 115 mm (a quarter brick) on each side beyond the one above
   D. The mortar joints add 0.23 m
   Answer: C. A projection of 115 mm each side adds 230 mm in total to the width of every lower step. (Key point: Footing offsets)

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