--- title: "Define project; road project estimate" subject: "Estimating and Costing" chapter: 5 key: "semester_7/estimating_and_costing:project-road-estimate" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/estimating_and_costing/project-road-estimate site: BCT Engineering --- # Define project; road project estimate Estimating and Costing · Chapter 5: Project Estimate - Asked in: 2074 Chaitra, 5 marks - Video: [cost estimate of road #quantitysurvey](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C52qNhizo8Q) — Engr Suliman Khan - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/estimating_and_costing/project-road-estimate - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_7/estimating_and_costing/chapter-5 ## Question Define project. Discuss estimation of a road project. ## Short answer A project is planned interrelated activities with clear objective, scope, time and budget. Road estimate uses survey/design data, quantities for earthwork, pavement, drainage, structures, protection and furniture, and District Rates with lead/lift. Abstract adds overhead/profit, 5% contingency, supervision, VAT 13%, land acquisition and utility shifting; report includes drawings, specs and programme. ## Answer A **project** is a set of planned, interrelated activities with a clear objective, definite scope, limited time and a fixed budget. A road project is the construction (or upgrading) of a road of a defined standard between two points. #### Estimation of a road project 1. **Survey and design data:** reconnaissance and detailed survey, centre line, longitudinal section, cross-sections, traffic and soil (CBR) data, design standard (Nepal Road Standard 2070), drainage and structure design. 2. **Quantities** are taken out from the drawings: - Earthwork in cutting and filling from cross-sections (mean-area or prismoidal method); rock excavation separately. - Sub-base, base course, wearing course (bituminous or concrete). - Drainage: side drains, culverts, causeways, bridges. - Protection works: retaining and breast walls, gabion, bio-engineering. - Road furniture: signs, kilometre stones, guard stones, markings. 3. **Rates** from the District Rates and norms, with lead and lift for materials and plant (roller, grader, paver, tipper). 4. **Abstract of cost:** the cost of all items is totalled; overhead and profit, physical contingency (5%), supervision and administration, environmental mitigation, price adjustment and VAT 13% are added. 5. **Report:** introduction, design standards, quantities and rate analysis, abstract, specifications, drawings and construction programme. Land acquisition and utility shifting are included as separate heads. ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. How is earthwork quantity in a road estimated? A. From the weight of the vehicles B. From the length multiplied by carriageway width only C. From the cost of the pavement D. From cross-sections using the mean-area or prismoidal method Answer: D. Cut and fill are computed from cross-sections along the centre line. (Key point: Road earthwork) 2. Which standard is mentioned for road design data? A. Nepal Road Standard 2070 B. Nepal Building Code 105 C. IS 456 D. DUDBC norm for buildings Answer: A. NRS 2070 sets design standard for roads. (Key point: Road standard) 3. What is added to the cost of items in the road abstract? A. Only profit B. Overhead and profit, contingency (5%), supervision, environmental mitigation, escalation and VAT 13% C. Only land cost D. Depreciation of plant Answer: B. These are added to obtain the total cost. 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