---
title: "Functions of marketing"
subject: "Organization and Management"
chapter: 6
key: "semester_7/organization_and_management:marketing-functions"
source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/organization_and_management/marketing-functions
site: BCT Engineering
---

# Functions of marketing

Organization and Management · Chapter 6: Purchasing and Marketing Management

- Asked in: 2071 Shrawan, 4 marks; 2071 Chaitra, 5 marks; year not given (asked 2 times)
- Video: [The 7 Functions Of Marketing](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmsO0lvSLu8) — Vodun13
- Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14
- Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/organization_and_management/marketing-functions
- Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_7/organization_and_management/chapter-6

## Question

What is marketing? Explain the functions of marketing.

## Short answer

Marketing is the process of creating and exchanging value to satisfy customer needs profitably. Its functions are marketing research, product planning, pricing, promotion, distribution, selling, transportation/storage, standardization/grading, financing/risk-taking, and customer service, often summarized as the 4 Ps.

## Answer

#### Marketing
Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and organizations obtain what they need and want through creating, offering and exchanging products of value. It covers all activities from identifying the customer's need to after-sales service.

#### Functions of marketing
1. **Marketing research:** Collecting and analysing information about customers, competitors and the market to guide decisions.
2. **Product planning and development:** Deciding design, features, brand, packaging and range of products.
3. **Pricing:** Fixing a price that covers cost, attracts buyers and meets competition.
4. **Promotion:** Informing and persuading customers through advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity. Example: Nepal Telecom's festival offers.
5. **Distribution (place):** Moving goods to customers through channels such as wholesalers, retailers and online platforms.
6. **Buying and assembling:** Collecting goods from different sources.
7. **Selling:** Finding buyers and completing the transaction.
8. **Transportation and storage:** Moving goods and holding them until sale.
9. **Standardization and grading:** Sorting products by quality and size.
10. **Financing and risk-taking:** Providing credit and bearing risks such as price fall or damage.
11. **Customer service and feedback:** Handling complaints and after-sales service.

These activities are often summarised by the 4 Ps: Product, Price, Place and Promotion (7 Ps for services: plus people, process, physical evidence).

```text
Customer needs -> 4Ps (marketing mix) -> Satisfaction
```

## Check yourself

The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why.

1. What does marketing cover?
   A. Only advertising
   B. Everything from identifying customer need to after-sales service
   C. Only selling
   D. Only production
   Answer: B. Marketing is a social and managerial process from need identification to after-sales service. (Key point: Marketing definition)

2. What are the 4 Ps?
   A. Product, People, Policy, Power
   B. Product, Price, Place, Promotion
   C. Plan, Pay, Pack, Post
   D. People, Process, Profit, Plant
   Answer: B. The marketing mix is Product, Price, Place and Promotion. (Key point: 4 Ps)

3. What should the price cover and do?
   A. Be fixed by customers alone
   B. Cover cost, attract buyers and meet competition
   C. Be as high as possible always
   D. Ignore cost
   Answer: B. Pricing fixes a price covering cost, attracting buyers and meeting competition. (Key point: Pricing)