---
title: "Organization vs management; scientific approach"
subject: "Organization and Management"
chapter: 2
key: "semester_7/organization_and_management:org-vs-management-scientific"
source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/organization_and_management/org-vs-management-scientific
site: BCT Engineering
---

# Organization vs management; scientific approach

Organization and Management · Chapter 2: Management

- Asked in: 2071 Chaitra, 2+2+4 marks
- Video: [Frederick Taylor Scientific Management](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNfy_AHG-MU) — Organizational Communication Channel
- Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14
- Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/organization_and_management/org-vs-management-scientific
- Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_7/organization_and_management/chapter-2

## Question

What are the differences between the terms organization and management? Why do you need scientific approach of management to an organization?

## Short answer

Organization is a structure or entity providing a platform for work, while management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling to achieve goals. A scientific approach is needed because it raises productivity, lowers cost, improves decisions through data, ensures right person for the job, standardizes quality, and reduces conflict.

## Answer

#### Differences between organization and management
| Basis | Organization | Management |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | A group of people and structure to achieve goals | Process of planning, organizing, directing, controlling to use resources |
| Nature | Structure or entity | Process or activity |
| Focus | Framework of authority, roles and relations | Getting results through people |
| Role | Provides the platform for work | Guides and operates the platform |
| Existence | Can exist as a legal entity (company) | Exists only inside an organization |
| Members | All employees and owners | Managers and executives |
| Example | Nepal Telecom as a company | The management team running Nepal Telecom |

#### Need for scientific approach of management
Scientific approach means making management decisions by observation, data, experiment and analysis, not by guess, habit or personal feeling (the idea of F.W. Taylor). An organization needs it because:
1. **Higher productivity:** Time and motion study finds the best method, saving time and effort.
2. **Lower cost:** Reduces waste of material, labour and time.
3. **Better decisions:** Facts and data (for example, load forecasts at NEA) replace guesswork.
4. **Right person for the right job:** Scientific selection and training.
5. **Standardization and quality:** Standard tools and methods give consistent output.
6. **Fair pay and incentives:** Pay linked to measured output improves cooperation.
7. **Reduced conflict:** Rules based on facts are accepted more easily by workers and management.
8. **Competitiveness:** Needed to survive in a competitive and global market.

Engineering organizations in particular depend on measurement, standards and analysis, so a scientific approach suits them well.

## Check yourself

The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why.

1. How do organization and management differ in nature?
   A. Organization is a process; management is a structure
   B. Organization is a structure or entity; management is a process or activity
   C. Both are only processes
   D. Both are only legal entities
   Answer: B. Organization is the structure; management operates it. (Key point: Nature)

2. Which statement is correct about existence?
   A. Organization exists only inside management
   B. Management is a legal entity
   C. Management exists only inside an organization
   D. Both are legal entities
   Answer: C. Management needs an organization. (Key point: Existence)

3. What does a scientific approach mean?
   A. Using personal feeling
   B. Following habit
   C. Copying competitors
   D. Making decisions by observation, data, experiment and analysis, not guess or habit
   Answer: D. Taylor's idea. (Key point: Scientific approach)

4. Which is a benefit of the scientific approach?
   A. Time and motion study finds the best method, raising productivity
   B. It increases waste
   C. It removes standards
   D. It ignores data
   Answer: A. Time and motion study raises productivity. (Key point: Benefit)

## Related in Organization and Management

- [Behavioral vs scientific management theory](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Forganization_and_management%3Abehavioral-vs-scientific) — Organization and Management, chapter 3
- [Scientific management and Taylor's principles](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Forganization_and_management%3Ascientific-management-taylor) — Organization and Management, chapter 3
- [Need for organization and its principles](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Forganization_and_management%3Aorg-need-principles) — Organization and Management, chapter 1, asked 3×
- [Recruitment vs hiring; need of incentives](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Forganization_and_management%3Arecruitment-vs-hiring) — Organization and Management, chapter 7
- [Job analysis and scientific selection](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Forganization_and_management%3Ajob-analysis-selection) — Organization and Management, chapter 7
- [Personnel management vs HRM](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Forganization_and_management%3Apersonnel-motive-hrm) — Organization and Management, chapter 7

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