--- title: "EVA graphically; BCWS 9,50,000, BCWP 8,00,000" subject: "Project Engineering" chapter: 4 key: "semester_7/project_engineering:eva-graphical-bcws-bcwp-as67" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/project_engineering/eva-graphical-bcws-bcwp-as67 site: BCT Engineering --- # EVA graphically; BCWS 9,50,000, BCWP 8,00,000 Project Engineering · Chapter 4: Project Implementation and Controlling - Asked in: 2067 Asar (old course), 4+4 marks - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/project_engineering/eva-graphical-bcws-bcwp-as67 - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_7/project_engineering/chapter-4 ## Question Explain earned value analysis graphically showing favourable and unfavourable cases of variance. For a particular project, the budgeted cost of work scheduled was Rs 9,50,000 and the budgeted value of the work actually completed or earned value was Rs 8,00,000 at a point of reporting date, i.e. at 20 weeks from starting date. The completion time of the project is 45 weeks. Based on the above details, draw the features of that project and comment on the schedule performance. ## Short answer EVA compares PV, EV and AC curves; favourable when EV lies above PV/AC and unfavourable when below. Here EV is below PV: SV=-Rs1,50,000 and SPI=0.842, so the project is behind schedule, forecast duration 53.4 weeks. ## Answer #### Earned value analysis graphically EVA plots three cumulative cost curves against time: **BCWS (planned value)**, **BCWP (earned value)** and **ACWP (actual cost)**. The gaps between them are the variances. - Schedule variance: SV = BCWP - BCWS - Cost variance: CV = BCWP - ACWP ```text FAVOURABLE UNFAVOURABLE Cost Cost | EV .-- | AC .-- | PV .-'-' | PV .-'-' | .-' AC | .-' EV | .' | .' +--------- time +--------- time EV above PV: ahead EV below PV: behind EV above AC: saving EV below AC: overrun ``` | Case | Condition | Meaning | |---|---|---| | Favourable | SV > 0 (EV above PV) | Ahead of schedule | | Favourable | CV > 0 (EV above AC) | Under budget | | Unfavourable | SV < 0 (EV below PV) | Behind schedule | | Unfavourable | CV < 0 (EV below AC) | Over budget | | On target | EV = PV = AC | As planned | #### Numerical (schedule performance) Data: PV = Rs 9,50,000 and EV = Rs 8,00,000 at week 20; planned duration = 45 weeks. The total budget and the actual cost are not given, so only the schedule performance can be found. $$ \begin{aligned} SV &= EV - PV = 8{,}00{,}000 - 9{,}50{,}000 = -1{,}50{,}000\\ SPI &= EV/PV = 8.00/9.50 = 0.842 \end{aligned} $$ #### Features and comment ```text Cost (Rs lakh) 9.5 | PV o 8.0 | EV o (below PV) +----------|----------- weeks 20 45 ``` - The earned value curve lies below the planned value curve, so the project is **behind schedule**. - Only 84.2 % of the planned work is complete; work worth Rs 1,50,000 is delayed. - If the same performance continues, the expected duration = 45/0.842 = 53.4 weeks, i.e. about 8.4 weeks of delay. - Remedies: add labour and equipment to critical activities, work overtime, fast-track (overlap) activities on the critical path, and re-plan the remaining schedule. **Answer: SV = -Rs 1,50,000; SPI = 0.842; the project is behind schedule.** ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. Which three cumulative curves are plotted against time in earned value analysis? A. BCWS, BCWP and ACWP B. BAC, EAC and ETC C. SPI, CPI and SV D. Revenue, profit and loss Answer: A. EVA plots planned value (BCWS), earned value (BCWP) and actual cost (ACWP); the gaps between them are the variances. (Key point: Three EVA curves) 2. On the EVA graph, the earned value curve lies below the planned value curve. What does this show? A. Under budget, because SV is positive B. Behind schedule, because SV = BCWP - BCWS is negative C. Over budget, because CV = BCWP - BCWS is negative D. The project is on target Answer: B. SV = EV - PV. EV below PV gives a negative SV, which means the work is behind schedule. (Key point: Schedule variance formula and sign) 3. Which condition on the graph indicates an unfavourable cost case (overrun)? A. EV above PV B. EV above AC C. EV below AC D. PV above AC Answer: C. CV = EV - AC. EV below AC gives CV < 0, meaning the project is over budget. (Key point: Cost variance) 4. With PV = Rs 9,50,000 and EV = Rs 8,00,000 at week 20, what are SV and SPI? A. SV = +1,50,000; SPI = 1.19 B. SV = -1,50,000; SPI = 1.19 C. SV = -1,50,000; SPI = 0.842 D. SV = -8,00,000; SPI = 0.842 Answer: C. SV = 8,00,000 - 9,50,000 = -1,50,000 and SPI = 8.00/9.50 = 0.842, so the project is behind schedule. (Key point: Numerical schedule performance) ## Related in Project Engineering - [EVA; BCWS 9,50,000, BCWP 8,00,000, ACWP 10,00,000](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeva-bcws-bcwp-actual-s73) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 - [EVA; 60 days, 25% work, Rs 12,00,000](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeva-numerical-60-days-25-percent) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 - [EVA application; 35 days, Rs 8,00,000 spent](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeva-applicable-monitoring-numerical-b82) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 - [EPS and book value; ABC project Rs 6,00,000](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeps-bv-abc-project-600000-b79) — Project Engineering, chapter 6 - [EVA and S-curve; Rs 30,00,000, 24 months](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeva-s-curve-24-months-c76) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 - [EVA; 10 days, 100,000, day 6, Rs 65,000](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeva-numerical-day6-65000-k80) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 ## Related in other subjects - [Earned value analysis for performance control](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fconstruction_management%3Aeva-performance-control) — Construction Management, chapter 7, asked 6×