--- title: "EVA and S-curve; Rs 30,00,000, 24 months" subject: "Project Engineering" chapter: 4 key: "semester_7/project_engineering:eva-s-curve-24-months-c76" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/project_engineering/eva-s-curve-24-months-c76 site: BCT Engineering --- # EVA and S-curve; Rs 30,00,000, 24 months Project Engineering · Chapter 4: Project Implementation and Controlling - Asked in: 2076 Chaitra, 8 marks - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/project_engineering/eva-s-curve-24-months-c76 - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_7/project_engineering/chapter-4 ## Question A project has a planned budget of Rs 30,00,000 and a schedule of 24 months. During its implementation you have monitored the following data. Perform EVA and comment on the performance and also draw the S-curve to forecast the final completion budget and schedule. | Months | Work completed | Actual Expenditure (Rs) | |---|---|---| | 5 | 20% | 7,00,000 | | 10 | 45% | 13,00,000 | | 15 | 60% | 20,00,000 | | 20 | 70% | 24,00,000 | ## Short answer With BAC Rs 30,00,000 and uniform progress, at month 20: PV = 20/24 × 30,00,000 = Rs 25,00,000, EV = 70% × BAC = Rs 21,00,000, AC = Rs 24,00,000. SV = –Rs 4,00,000, CV = –Rs 3,00,000, SPI = 0.84, CPI = 0.88. EAC = BAC/CPI = Rs 34,28,571, forecast duration = 24/SPI = 28.6 months. Project behind schedule and over budget. ## Answer #### Given data BAC = Rs 30,00,000; planned duration = 24 months. The planned progress is assumed uniform, so $PV = \frac{\text{month}}{24} \times 30{,}00{,}000$. $EV = \%\ \text{work} \times BAC$; AC is given. #### Calculation (Rs) | Month | PV | EV | AC | SV | CV | SPI | CPI | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 5 | 6,25,000 | 6,00,000 | 7,00,000 | -25,000 | -1,00,000 | 0.96 | 0.86 | | 10 | 12,50,000 | 13,50,000 | 13,00,000 | 1,00,000 | 50,000 | 1.08 | 1.04 | | 15 | 18,75,000 | 18,00,000 | 20,00,000 | -75,000 | -2,00,000 | 0.96 | 0.90 | | 20 | 25,00,000 | 21,00,000 | 24,00,000 | -4,00,000 | -3,00,000 | 0.84 | 0.88 | Sample (month 20): $PV = \frac{20}{24} \times 30{,}00{,}000 = 25{,}00{,}000$; $EV = 0.70 \times 30{,}00{,}000 = 21{,}00{,}000$; $AC = 24{,}00{,}000$. Forecast at the latest review (month 20): $$ \begin{aligned} SV &= EV - PV = 21{,}00{,}000 - 25{,}00{,}000 = -4{,}00{,}000 \\ CV &= EV - AC = 21{,}00{,}000 - 24{,}00{,}000 = -3{,}00{,}000 \\ SPI &= \frac{EV}{PV} = \frac{21{,}00{,}000}{25{,}00{,}000} = 0.84 \\ CPI &= \frac{EV}{AC} = \frac{21{,}00{,}000}{24{,}00{,}000} = 0.88 \\ EAC &= \frac{BAC}{CPI} = \frac{30{,}00{,}000}{0.8750} = 34{,}28{,}571 \\ ETC &= EAC - AC = 34{,}28{,}571 - 24{,}00{,}000 = 10{,}28{,}571 \\ VAC &= BAC - EAC = 30{,}00{,}000 - 34{,}28{,}571 = -4{,}28{,}571 \\ \text{Forecast duration} &= \frac{24}{SPI} = \frac{24}{0.8400} = 28.6\ \text{months} \end{aligned} $$ #### Comment on performance - Month 5: slightly behind schedule (SPI 0.96) and over budget (CPI 0.86). - Month 10: ahead of schedule (SPI 1.08) and slightly under budget (CPI 1.04); the best position. - Months 15 and 20: the performance has dropped; SPI falls to 0.84 and CPI to 0.88. The project is **behind schedule and over budget**, and the trend is getting worse. - **Schedule:** SV = -4,00,000 and SPI = 0.84, so the project is **behind schedule**; only 84 % of the planned work is done. If the same rate continues, the duration becomes 28.6 months against 24 months planned. - **Cost:** CV = -3,00,000 and CPI = 0.88, so the project is **over budget**; each rupee spent has earned Rs 0.88 of work. - **Forecast:** EAC = Rs 34,28,571 against BAC = Rs 30,00,000, i.e. a final overrun of Rs 4,28,571. #### S-curve (cumulative values, Rs lakh) P = planned value, E = earned value, A = actual cost, F = forecast (completion time, EAC), * = overlapping points. ```text 36 | | F 33 | | 30 | P | 27 | | P 24 | A | 21 | E | A 18 | * | 15 | | * 12 | P | 9 | | A 6 | * | 3 | | 0 |* +------------------------------- 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 months ``` The planned S-curve ends at Rs 30 lakh in month 24. The earned value curve lies below it (except around month 10) and the actual cost curve lies above the earned value curve. Extending the trend, the project will be completed in about **28.6 months** (instead of 24) at a cost of about **Rs 34,28,571** (instead of Rs 30,00,000), an overrun of Rs 4,28,571. The manager must speed up the critical work and control cost to reduce this. **Answer: at month 20, SV = Rs -4,00,000, CV = Rs -3,00,000, SPI = 0.84, CPI = 0.88; forecast cost Rs 34,28,571 and forecast duration 28.6 months.** ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. BAC = Rs 30,00,000 over 24 months. PV at month 20 is: A. Rs 21,00,000 B. Rs 24,00,000 C. Rs 20,00,000 D. Rs 25,00,000 Answer: D. PV = 20/24 x 30,00,000 = 25,00,000. (Key point: PV from uniform plan) 2. At month 20, 70% of the work is complete. EV is: A. Rs 21,00,000 B. Rs 24,00,000 C. Rs 25,00,000 D. Rs 30,00,000 Answer: A. EV = 0.70 x 30,00,000 = 21,00,000; AC (24,00,000) is the spending. (Key point: EV from % work) 3. How did performance change over the months? A. Best at month 10 (ahead and under budget); later behind and over budget B. Always ahead of schedule C. Worst at month 10, improving later D. Always exactly on plan Answer: A. Month 10 had SPI 1.08 and CPI 1.04, but by months 15 and 20 SPI fell to 0.84 and CPI to 0.88. (Key point: Trend of performance) 4. At month 20 (SPI 0.84, CPI 0.88), the forecast cost and duration are about: A. Rs 30,00,000 and 24 months B. Rs 34,28,571 and 28.6 months C. Rs 26,40,000 and 20 months D. Rs 34,28,571 and 24 months Answer: B. EAC = 30,00,000/0.875 = 34,28,571 and duration = 24/0.84 = 28.6 months. (Key point: Forecast) ## Related in Project Engineering - [EVA application; 35 days, Rs 8,00,000 spent](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeva-applicable-monitoring-numerical-b82) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 - [EVA; 60 days, 25% work, Rs 12,00,000](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeva-numerical-60-days-25-percent) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 - [EVA; 10 days, 100,000, day 6, Rs 65,000](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeva-numerical-day6-65000-k80) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 - [EPS and book value; ABC project Rs 6,00,000](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeps-bv-abc-project-600000-b79) — Project Engineering, chapter 6 - [EVA graphically; BCWS 9,50,000, BCWP 8,00,000](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeva-graphical-bcws-bcwp-as67) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 - [EVA; 60 days, 25% work, 50% budget spent](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aeva-numerical-60-days-half-budget) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 ## Related in other subjects - [EVA numerical with bar schedule (A to F)](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fconstruction_management%3Aeva-numerical-2078-kartik) — Construction Management, chapter 7