--- title: "Climate change causes, impacts and solutions for LDC" subject: "Technology, Environment and Society" chapter: 6 key: "semester_7/technology_environment_and_society:cc-solution-ldc" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/technology_environment_and_society/cc-solution-ldc site: BCT Engineering --- # Climate change causes, impacts and solutions for LDC Technology, Environment and Society · Chapter 6: Climate Change - Asked in: 2071 Shrawan, 6.5 marks - Video: [What is climate change? - The Climate Question, BBC World Service](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLEenW2UiUw) — BBC World Service - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_7/technology_environment_and_society/cc-solution-ldc - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_7/technology_environment_and_society/chapter-6 ## Question What is climate change and what are the cause and impacts of CC? What can be feasible solution to preserve the climate change effects in LDC? ## Short answer Climate change is a long-term shift in weather patterns caused mainly by human emissions from fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Impacts include warming, glacier melt, erratic rainfall, and crop loss. Feasible LDC solutions focus on adaptation: renewable energy, community forestry, climate-smart agriculture, disaster early warning, local adaptation plans, and international climate finance. ## Answer **Climate change** is the long-term change in the average weather pattern (temperature, rainfall, seasons) of the Earth or a region, mainly due to an increase of greenhouse gases from human activity, which causes global warming. #### Causes - **Burning fossil fuels** (coal, oil, gas) in power plants, vehicles and industries – main source of CO₂. - **Deforestation and land-use change** – fewer trees to absorb CO₂. - **Agriculture** – methane from paddy and livestock; N₂O from fertilisers. - **Industry and waste** – cement, brick kilns, halocarbons (CFCs/HFCs), methane from landfills. - **Population growth and urbanisation** – increasing energy demand. - Natural factors (solar changes, volcanoes, El Niño) play a smaller role. #### Impacts - Global temperature rise (about 1.1–1.2 °C so far) and heat waves. - Glacier melt, glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF), sea level rise. - Erratic rainfall: floods, landslides and droughts. - Lower crop yield, food and water scarcity. - Spread of diseases like malaria and dengue. - Loss of biodiversity and damage to infrastructure. #### Feasible solutions for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) LDCs emit little, so their priority is **adaptation** plus low-cost, **co-beneficial mitigation** that also supports development. 1. **Renewable energy:** develop hydropower, micro-hydro, solar home systems, improved cooking stoves and biogas instead of firewood and imported fuel. 2. **Community forest management and REDD+:** protect and expand forests, earn carbon finance. 3. **Climate-smart agriculture:** drought- and flood-tolerant seeds, crop diversification, organic farming, small irrigation and rainwater harvesting. 4. **Disaster risk reduction:** GLOF early warning, flood forecasting, safe building codes, landslide mapping. 5. **Local adaptation plans:** community-based adaptation (e.g. Nepal's NAPA 2010 and LAPA) that involve local people. 6. **Water management:** spring-shed protection, recharge ponds, efficient use. 7. **Clean transport:** electric vehicles and public transport using domestic hydropower. 8. **Access to international support:** Green Climate Fund, Adaptation Fund, LDC Fund, Loss and Damage Fund; technology transfer and capacity building under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement. 9. **Awareness and education:** include climate change in school curricula and local planning. 10. **Strong policy and institutions:** integrate climate change into national plans and budgets (climate budget coding). These solutions are feasible because they are cheap, use local resources and labour, and give direct benefits such as jobs, clean air and energy security, while reducing vulnerability. ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. What is the priority for LDCs in dealing with climate change? A. Heavy coal expansion B. Adaptation plus low-cost, co-beneficial mitigation that supports development C. Ignoring the issue D. Only carbon capture Answer: B. LDCs emit little, so they focus on adaptation and mitigation measures that also help development. (Key point: LDC priority) 2. What is the main source of CO2 listed among causes? A. Burning fossil fuels in power plants, vehicles and industries B. Paddy fields C. Landfills D. Fertilisers Answer: A. Fossil fuel burning is the main CO2 source; paddy and livestock give methane, fertilisers give N2O. (Key point: Cause of CO2) 3. Which measures form disaster risk reduction for LDCs? A. GLOF early warning, flood forecasting, safe building codes and landslide mapping B. More deforestation C. Increased fossil imports D. Removing building codes Answer: A. These reduce loss of life and property from climate-related hazards. (Key point: Disaster risk reduction) 4. What does climate-smart agriculture include? A. Drought- and flood-tolerant seeds, crop diversification, small irrigation and rainwater harvesting B. Single-crop farming C. Heavy fertiliser use D. Abandoning farms Answer: A. These make farming resilient to erratic rain and temperature. 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