--- title: "Globalization, PPP, conflict, safety engineering" subject: "Engineering Professional Practice" chapter: 6 key: "semester_8/engineering_professional_practice:globalization-ppp-conflict-safety" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_8/engineering_professional_practice/globalization-ppp-conflict-safety site: BCT Engineering --- # Globalization, PPP, conflict, safety engineering Engineering Professional Practice · Chapter 6: Contemporary Issues in Engineering - Asked in: 2073 Magh, 4 marks - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_8/engineering_professional_practice/globalization-ppp-conflict-safety - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_8/engineering_professional_practice/chapter-6 ## Question Define globalization and public private partnership. What are levels and sources of conflict in the organization? Elucidate the objective of safety engineering. ## Short answer Globalization is the growing economic and cultural integration via free movement of goods, services and capital. PPP is a government-private contract to finance-build-operate infrastructure, sharing risks. Conflicts occur at intra- and interpersonal, group, and organizational levels; sources include scarce resources, differing goals and poor communication. Safety engineering identifies hazards and reduces risks to acceptable levels through design, procedures and training. ## Answer #### Globalization Globalization is the increasing interconnection of the world's economies, trade, technology, information and cultures, so that goods, capital, services and ideas move freely across borders. #### Public Private Partnership (PPP) PPP is a long-term contract between a government body and a private company to finance, build and operate public infrastructure or services, in which risks and rewards are shared (for example BOT hydropower or highway projects). #### Levels of conflict in an organization 1. **Intrapersonal:** within one person (role overload, ethical dilemma). 2. **Interpersonal:** between two individuals. 3. **Intragroup:** among members of the same team or department. 4. **Intergroup:** between departments or teams (design versus construction). 5. **Interorganizational:** between organizations (client and contractor, or contractor and supplier). #### Sources of conflict - Limited resources (money, time, equipment, staff). - Differences in goals, interest and priorities. - Poor or unclear communication. - Unclear roles and responsibilities, overlapping authority. - Differences in values, personality, culture or attitude. - Unfair treatment, poor leadership, and change. - Dependence on other groups' work. #### Objective of safety engineering Safety engineering aims to protect people, property and the environment from accidents. Its objectives are: - To identify and analyse hazards and assess risk. - To eliminate hazards, or reduce risk to an acceptable level, by design, safe procedures, protective equipment and training. - To prevent injury, death, loss of property and production. - To make sure legal requirements and standards are met. - To build a safety culture and prepare emergency response. ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. Which best describes a public private partnership (PPP)? A. A government body doing all work with its own staff B. A long-term contract in which a private company finances, builds and operates public infrastructure with shared risks and rewards C. A private company selling goods to the public with no government link D. A one-time purchase of materials by a government office Answer: B. PPP is a long-term contract between government and a private company to finance, build and operate public infrastructure, sharing risks and rewards (e.g. BOT hydropower). (Key point: Definition of PPP) 2. A conflict between the design department and the construction department is at which level? A. Intrapersonal B. Interpersonal C. Intergroup D. Interorganizational Answer: C. Conflict between departments or teams is intergroup; intrapersonal is within one person and interorganizational is between organizations. (Key point: Levels of conflict) 3. Which is a source of conflict in an organization? A. Clear roles and enough resources B. Unclear roles, overlapping authority and limited resources C. Open communication and shared goals D. Fair treatment and good leadership Answer: B. Limited resources, unclear roles and overlapping authority, poor communication and different goals are typical sources of conflict. (Key point: Sources of conflict) 4. What is the main objective of safety engineering? A. To increase production at any cost B. To protect people, property and environment by identifying hazards and eliminating or reducing risk to an acceptable level C. To avoid legal standards where they slow work D. To transfer all accident cost to workers Answer: B. Safety engineering aims to protect people, property and environment by identifying hazards, reducing risk, meeting legal requirements and building a safety culture. (Key point: Objective of safety engineering) ## Related in Engineering Professional Practice - [IPR types and public private partnership](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Aipr-copyright-trademark-patent-ppp) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 5 - [Society elements, man-society relation, public vs private](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Asociety-elements-man-relation) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 1 - [IPR, working hours, public vs private company](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Aipr-labour-working-hours-companies) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 5 - [Public vs private limited company](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Apublic-vs-private-limited-company) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 5 - [Safety first in engineering delivery](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Asafety-first-engineering) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 2 - [PPP model and its significance in Nepal](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Appp-development-nepal) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 6, asked 2× ## Related in other subjects - [Public versus private transportation](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_6%2Ftransportation_engineering_i%3Apublic-private) — Transportation Engineering I, chapter 1, asked 3× - [Adding sound levels from several sources](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fenvironment_and_pollution_control%3Acombining-noise-levels-numerical) — Environment and Pollution Control, chapter 6 - [Partnership features and difficulties](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Forganization_and_management%3Apartnership-features) — Organization and Management, chapter 4