--- title: "Site engineer uses weaker mortar and concrete mix" subject: "Engineering Professional Practice" chapter: 7 key: "semester_8/engineering_professional_practice:mortar-ratio-friend-silence" source: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_8/engineering_professional_practice/mortar-ratio-friend-silence site: BCT Engineering --- # Site engineer uses weaker mortar and concrete mix Engineering Professional Practice · Chapter 7: Case Studies based on Engineering Practices - Asked in: year not given - Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort) on 2026-10-14 - Page: https://www.bctengineer.com/q/semester_8/engineering_professional_practice/mortar-ratio-friend-silence - Whole chapter: https://www.bctengineer.com/md/semester_8/engineering_professional_practice/chapter-7 ## Question Er. Satyaman Shrestha was working as a project engineer in a road project in Chitwan. Er. Ramesh Thapa, close friend of Satyaman was also working as site engineer in the same project for a construction company. Construction was in full swing. Ramesh and Satyaman were tired every day after the work. Almost every day, Ramesh proposes Satyaman for drinks and good foods in the restaurant after work. After few days of work Satyaman noticed that the ratio of cement mortar used in the stone masonry was 1:6 instead of 1:4 as per design. Similarly, there was 1:3:6 ratio of mixture instead of 1:2:4 as per design in the PCC and RCC works. Satyaman complained of this and asked for the reason. Ramesh told to Satyaman that the strength required for the construction is still safe in the mortar of 1:6 and concrete of 1:3:6 and also this is only the means to cover the overheads of entertainments and other financial benefits, Ramesh did this. As this action does not affect the quality of work, Ramesh requested Satyaman to stay silent on this matter and assured Satyaman that he would be responsible for all the consequences arising if any. How would you judge the role of Satyaman and Ramesh in ethical ground? ## Short answer Ramesh acted fraudulently by using leaner mixes and offering hospitality as an inducement. Satyaman must reject silence, stop nonconforming work, document it, report to superiors, and require testing and correction; friendship cannot override duty. ## Answer #### Assumptions Satyaman is the project engineer on the owner or consultant side, responsible for checking quality. Ramesh is the contractor's site engineer. The mix ratios in the design (mortar 1:4, concrete 1:2:4) were set by the designer. Ramesh uses leaner mixes (1:6 and 1:3:6), keeps the saved cement as extra profit, and pays for entertainment for Satyaman. #### Judgement on Ramesh - He deviated from the design and specification without permission from the designer or client. Only the designer can approve a change, and then through a documented variation. His claim that the strength "is still safe" is a personal opinion with no test or calculation. In reality, 1:2:4 (about M15) is notably stronger than 1:3:6 (about M10), and a 1:6 mortar is much weaker than 1:4. - Saving cement while charging for the specified quantity is cheating and fraud against the client. - Offering drinks and food to the checking engineer is an inducement, which breaks the code of conduct on gifts and honesty. The Nepal Engineering Council code requires honesty, integrity and public safety, and bans dishonest practice. - His promise to "take all responsibility" has no value: professional responsibility cannot be transferred by a promise, and if the structure fails, both are liable. #### Judgement on Satyaman Satyaman did well to notice and question the change. But his ethical duty did not end there. If he stays silent, he: - betrays his employer or client who trusts him to protect quality; - shares the responsibility for any failure, injury or loss of life, and the legal liability for negligence; - accepts the hospitality that compromised his independence, and then becomes a part of the corrupt practice. Friendship cannot override the duty to the public and to the client. #### Recommended action 1. Refuse to remain silent and stop accepting hospitality. 2. Order Ramesh in writing to stop the work, and correct it to the specified ratio; reject the work already done. If necessary, test it by cube test or non-destructive test, and dismantle or strengthen the affected part at the contractor's cost. 3. Report to his superior and the client if the contractor does not comply, with records and photos. 4. Deduct payment for non-conforming work and recover the cost of the extra tests. 5. Report the matter to the Nepal Engineering Council if the violation is proved. Ramesh acted unethically and illegally, and Satyaman would act unethically too if he conceals the matter. ## Check yourself The answer's key points as multiple-choice questions, with the correct option and why. 1. Why is Ramesh's claim that the weaker mix is still safe not acceptable? A. Because only the designer can approve a change through a documented variation, and his claim has no test or calculation B. Because 1:6 mortar is stronger than 1:4 C. Because the contractor may change ratios freely D. Because strength never depends on the mix ratio Answer: A. Changes need the designer's approval; Ramesh's claim is an unsupported opinion, and leaner mixes (1:6, 1:3:6) are weaker than 1:4 and 1:2:4. (Key point: Unauthorised deviation) 2. What is wrong with Ramesh offering drinks and food to Satyaman? A. Nothing, since they are friends B. It is an inducement that compromises the checking engineer's independence and breaks the code on gifts and honesty C. It lowers the cement price D. It is only a tax issue Answer: B. Hospitality given to the checking engineer is an inducement and, once accepted, makes him part of the corrupt practice. (Key point: Hospitality as inducement) 3. Ramesh promises to take all responsibility. Why is this worthless? A. Because Ramesh is not an engineer B. Because the client forbids promises C. Professional responsibility cannot be transferred by a promise, and if the structure fails both are liable D. Because it applies only to contractors Answer: C. Professional duty cannot be passed on by promise; both engineers are liable if the structure fails. (Key point: Transfer of responsibility) 4. What should Satyaman do? A. Stay silent but stop drinking B. Accept the lean mix if cube tests are not done C. Take part of the saved cement money D. Refuse silence, order the work stopped and corrected in writing, report to superior or client if not complied, and recover cost of tests Answer: D. He must act in writing, reject non-conforming work, report non-compliance and, if proved, report to the Nepal Engineering Council. (Key point: Satyaman's required action) ## Related in Engineering Professional Practice - [Engineer opens confidential salary file](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Aconfidential-salary-file-conduct) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 7 - [Contractor friend's dinner and guesthouse offer](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Afriend-dinner-guesthouse-ethics) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 7 - [IPR, working hours, public vs private company](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Aipr-labour-working-hours-companies) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 5 - [Substandard sand offered with cost-saving share](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Asubstandard-sand-aggregate-share) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 7 - [Consultant's friend supplies material; community objects](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fengineering_professional_practice%3Aconsultant-friend-supplier-quit) — Engineering Professional Practice, chapter 7 ## Related in other subjects - [Site investigation for road construction](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_3%2Fengineering_geology_i%3Asite-investigation-for-road-construction) — Engineering Geology I, chapter 1 - [Responsibilities of a site engineer](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_8%2Fconstruction_management%3Asite-engineer-responsibilities) — Construction Management, chapter 8, asked 6× - [Quality; QA vs QC; site engineer steps](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fproject_engineering%3Aquality-qa-qc-site-engineer-steps) — Project Engineering, chapter 4 - [Close project process](https://www.bctengineer.com/question.md?key=semester_7%2Fict_project_management%3Aclose-project-process) — ICT Project Management, chapter 7