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Nodal analysis current in branch a-b

Short answer

With node c as reference, V_a = 25 V. KCL at node b: (Vb-25)/10 + Vb/4 + (Vb-50)/2 = 0 gives Vb = 32.35 V. Current in a-b = (25 - 32.35)/10 = -0.735 A, i.e., 0.735 A flows from b to a.

Determine the current through branch a-b of the circuit given below using Nodal Analysis. [Figure: top branch from a to b has 10 Ω, then b to right has 2 Ω; left side has 2 V source then 5 Ω down from a; a 25 V source (+ at top) in the middle-left branch; a 4 Ω resistor from b down to c; a 50 V source (+ at top) on the right side; c is the bottom common node.]

Assumptions (from the figure). Point c is the reference node (0 V). The 25 V source (+ at top) is connected directly from node a to c, so Va=25V_a=25 V. Node b connects to a through 10 Ω, to c through 4 Ω, and to the 50 V source (+ at top) through the 2 Ω resistor. The left branch (2 V source with 5 Ω) is across the fixed node a, so it only changes the current of the 25 V source and does not affect VbV_b.

KCL at node b (currents leaving b equal zero):

Vb−2510+Vb4+Vb−502=0\frac{V_b-25}{10}+\frac{V_b}{4}+\frac{V_b-50}{2}=0

Multiply by 20:

2Vb−50+5Vb+10Vb−500=02V_b-50+5V_b+10V_b-500=0 17Vb=550⇒Vb=32.35 V17V_b=550 \Rightarrow V_b=32.35\ \text{V}

Current in branch a–b (from a to b):

Iab=Va−Vb10=25−32.3510=−0.735 AI_{ab}=\frac{V_a-V_b}{10}=\frac{25-32.35}{10}=-0.735\ \text{A}

The negative sign means 0.735 A actually flows from b to a.

Check: current in the 4 Ω resistor is 32.35/4=8.0932.35/4=8.09 A (b to c). Current from the 50 V source through 2 Ω into b is (50−32.35)/2=8.82(50-32.35)/2=8.82 A. Current from b to a is 0.735 A. KCL at b: 8.82=8.09+0.7358.82 = 8.09+0.735 ✓.

Answer: Vb=32.35V_b=32.35 V and Iab=0.735I_{ab}=0.735 A, flowing from b to a.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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