- 2072 Chaitra
Maclaurin expansion of log(1+sin x)
Short answer
Using Maclaurin's theorem: f(0)=0, f'(0)=1, f''(0)=-1, f'''(0)=1, f''''(0)=-2. Thus log(1+sin x) = x - x^2/2 + x^3/6 - x^4/12 + ...
Assuming the validity of expansion, expand log(1+sin x) by Maclaurin's theorem.
Let f(x) = log(1 + sin x). Use Maclaurin's series f(x) = f(0) + x f′(0) + (x²/2!)f″(0) + ...
f′ = cos x/(1 + sin x)
f″ = [−sin x(1+sin x) − cos²x]/(1+sin x)² = −1/(1 + sin x)
f‴ = cos x/(1 + sin x)²
f⁗ = [−sin x(1+sin x) − 2cos²x]/(1+sin x)³
At x = 0:
f(0) = 0, f′(0) = 1, f″(0) = −1, f‴(0) = 1, f⁗(0) = −2
Therefore
f(x) = 0 + x − x²/2! + x³/3! − 2x⁴/4! + ...
Answer: log(1 + sin x) = x − x²/2 + x³/6 − x⁴/12 + ...
(Check: substituting u = sin x = x − x³/6 in log(1+u) = u − u²/2 + u³/3 − u⁴/4 gives the same series.)
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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