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Maclaurin expansion of log(1+sin x)

Short answer

Using Maclaurin's theorem: f(0)=0, f'(0)=1, f''(0)=-1, f'''(0)=1, f''''(0)=-2. Thus log(1+sin x) = x - x^2/2 + x^3/6 - x^4/12 + ...

Assuming the validity of expansion, expand log(1+sin x) by Maclaurin's theorem.

Let f(x) = log(1 + sin x). Use Maclaurin's series f(x) = f(0) + x f′(0) + (x²/2!)f″(0) + ...

f′  = cos x/(1 + sin x)
f″  = [−sin x(1+sin x) − cos²x]/(1+sin x)² = −1/(1 + sin x)
f‴  = cos x/(1 + sin x)²
f⁗  = [−sin x(1+sin x) − 2cos²x]/(1+sin x)³

At x = 0:

f(0) = 0,  f′(0) = 1,  f″(0) = −1,  f‴(0) = 1,  f⁗(0) = −2

Therefore

f(x) = 0 + x − x²/2! + x³/3! − 2x⁴/4! + ...

Answer: log(1 + sin x) = x − x²/2 + x³/6 − x⁴/12 + ...

(Check: substituting u = sin x = x − x³/6 in log(1+u) = u − u²/2 + u³/3 − u⁴/4 gives the same series.)

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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