Contamination of water bodies so that it harms living things and is unfit for use

Which is an agricultural source of water pollution?

Runoff of fertilisers (nitrates, phosphates), pesticides and animal wastes

Hot cooling water from power plants

How does excess nitrate and phosphate in a lake kill fish?

They cause algal bloom; on decay the algae use up dissolved oxygen (high BOD, low DO)

They make the water too alkaline for fish gills

They directly poison fish with nitrate crystals

They raise dissolved oxygen so much that fish burst

Which is a key remedy for water pollution from sewage and industry?

Treat sewage and industrial effluents (primary, secondary, tertiary) before discharge

Discharge them directly into rivers so they dilute

Dump solid waste into rivers so it settles

2070 Bhadra · 3 marks

Water pollution

Short answer

Water pollution is contamination of water bodies by sewage, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff with pathogens, heavy metals, and nutrients. It causes cholera, Minamata disease, arsenicosis, eutrophication, and biomagnification. Control measures include wastewater treatment, controlled agrochemical use, and public awareness.

Give your familiarity with water pollution.

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (rivers, lakes, groundwater) by substances in such amounts that it becomes harmful to living things and unfit for use.

Sources: domestic sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff of fertilisers and pesticides, mining, oil spills, thermal discharge and solid waste dumping.

Pollutants: pathogens, organic wastes, heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, As), nitrates and phosphates, detergents, oils and heat.

Effects: waterborne diseases (cholera, typhoid), Minamata disease (Hg), arsenicosis, eutrophication with oxygen depletion and fish kills, and bioaccumulation.

Control: treatment of sewage and industrial effluent, controlled use of agrochemicals, banning dumping of waste in rivers, and public awareness.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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