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Rod with spring released, 90 degree rotation

Short answer

Applying work-energy, initial spring extension energy 9.68 J, final 1.28 J, and gravity work 7.06 J combine to 15.46 J of rotational KE. With moment of inertia about B 0.2496 kg·m^2, angular velocity after 90° rotation is 11.13 rad/s.

A slender 4 kg rod can rotate in a vertical plane about a pivot at B. A spring of constant k=400k = 400 N/m and of unstretched length 150 mm is attached to the rod as shown. Knowing that the rod is released from rest in the position shown, determine its angular velocity after it has rotated through 90∘90^\circ. [Figure: vertical rod AC, 480 mm above and 120 mm below the pivot B; spring from C to a fixed support D, 350 mm horizontally from B.]

Assumed geometry

Rod ACAC is 0.600 m long: AA is 0.480 m above the pivot BB, CC is 0.120 m below it. The fixed support DD is at the level of BB, 0.350 m horizontally from BB. The rod turns through 90∘90^\circ so that it becomes horizontal and CC moves towards DD.

            A
            |   0.48 m
            |
   D .......B (pivot)
     <0.35>  |   0.12 m
            C

Work-energy principle: T1+V1=T2+V2T_1 + V_1 = T_2 + V_2 with T1=0T_1 = 0.

Spring

Position 1: CD1=0.3502+0.1202=0.3700 m,x1=0.3700−0.150=0.2200 mPosition 2: CD2=0.350−0.120=0.2300 m,x2=0.2300−0.150=0.0800 m\begin{aligned} \text{Position 1: } CD_1 &= \sqrt{0.350^2 + 0.120^2} = 0.3700\ \text{m}, & x_1 &= 0.3700 - 0.150 = 0.2200\ \text{m}\\ \text{Position 2: } CD_2 &= 0.350 - 0.120 = 0.2300\ \text{m}, & x_2 &= 0.2300 - 0.150 = 0.0800\ \text{m} \end{aligned} Ve1=12(400)(0.2200)2=9.68 J,Ve2=12(400)(0.0800)2=1.28 JV_{e1} = \tfrac12(400)(0.2200)^2 = 9.68\ \text{J}, \qquad V_{e2} = \tfrac12(400)(0.0800)^2 = 1.28\ \text{J}

Gravity

The centre GG of the rod is 0.3000.300 m from AA, i.e. 0.480−0.300=0.1800.480 - 0.300 = 0.180 m above BB initially, and 0.1800.180 m beside BB (level with it) at the end. So GG falls 0.1800.180 m:

Wg=mgh=4(9.81)(0.180)=7.06 JW_g = mgh = 4(9.81)(0.180) = 7.06\ \text{J}

Moment of inertia about B

IB=112(4)(0.6)2+4(0.18)2=0.2496 kg m2I_B = \frac{1}{12}(4)(0.6)^2 + 4(0.18)^2 = 0.2496\ \text{kg m}^2

Energy equation

0+Ve1+Vg1=12IBω2+Ve2+Vg2,Vg1−Vg2=Wg  ⇒  12IBω2=9.68−1.28+7.06=15.46 J0 + V_{e1} + V_{g1} = \tfrac12 I_B\omega^2 + V_{e2} + V_{g2}, \quad V_{g1}-V_{g2} = W_g \;\Rightarrow\; \tfrac12I_B\omega^2 = 9.68 - 1.28 + 7.06 = 15.46\ \text{J} ω=2(15.46)0.2496=11.13 rad/s\omega = \sqrt{\frac{2(15.46)}{0.2496}} = 11.13\ \text{rad/s}

Answer: ω≈11.13\omega \approx 11.13 rad/s (counter-clockwise, towards the spring support).

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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