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Define asphalt, bitumen and tar
Short answer
Asphalt is a bitumen-mineral mixture used in road wearing courses and mastic roofing. Bitumen is a petroleum-based black binder, soluble in carbon disulphide, used for road construction, damp-proofing and waterproofing. Tar, from coal/wood distillation, is used for surface dressing, priming and timber coating.
Define asphalt, bitumen and tar (with their best applications in civil engineering field).
Asphalt
A mixture of bitumen with mineral matter (sand, stone dust, aggregate), natural (rock asphalt, lake asphalt) or artificial. Best applications: wearing courses of roads and airport runways (hot-mix asphalt), mastic asphalt for flat roof waterproofing, basement tanking and floors.
Bitumen
A black, sticky, waterproof hydrocarbon substance, obtained as residue in petroleum refining or from natural deposits, soluble in carbon disulphide. Best applications: binder in road construction (penetration grades 60/70, 80/100), tack and prime coats, damp-proof courses, waterproofing membranes, bituminous felts and paints.
Tar
A dark brown to black viscous liquid obtained by destructive distillation of coal, wood or peat. Best applications: surface dressing and priming on roads, coating of timber and pipes as a preservative, roofing felt, and road patching.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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