- 2078 Bhadra · 2 marks
Defects caused by seasoning
Short answer
Seasoning defects include warping (bow, cup, twist, spring), surface checks, splits through the thickness, and internal honeycombing cracks. These result from uneven, rapid drying and internal stresses.
Explain any four defects in timber caused due to seasoning.
Uneven or too-fast drying of timber causes the following defects.
- Warping: a change of shape due to uneven shrinkage. It may be a bow (along the length), cup (across the width), twist (spiral) or spring (edgewise).
- Checks: cracks on the surface running across the annual rings, caused by rapid drying of the outer part.
- Splits: checks that pass through the thickness from one face to the other, mainly at the ends, due to quick drying.
- Honeycombing: internal cracks and cavities, caused when the interior dries after the outer layer has already hardened (stresses from case hardening).
- Case hardening: the surface dries and sets while the core is still wet, so the surface is first under tension; stresses reverse as the core dries, causing cracks later.
- Collapse: flattening of cells due to fast drying of wet wood at high temperature.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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