How is a Gray bit formed after the MSB?

XOR of the binary bit and the bit to its left

Convert (19)₁₀ to Gray

Short answer

(19)₁₀ = (10011)₂. Keep MSB and XOR adjacent bits: 1, 1⊕0=1, 0⊕0=0, 0⊕1=1, 1⊕1=0. Result is (11010)Gray.

Convert (19)₁₀ = (?)Gray.

First $(19)_{10} = (10011)_2$ (16 + 2 + 1). Then keep the MSB and XOR adjacent bits:

$G = 1,\ 1\oplus0 = 1,\ 0\oplus0 = 0,\ 0\oplus1 = 1,\ 1\oplus1 = 0$

Answer: $(19)_{10} = (11010)_{Gray}$

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)