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Physiographic division of the Nepal Himalaya
Short answer
From south to north: Terai plain (60–300 m, alluvial); Siwalik (Churiya) range (300–1500 m) of weak rocks; Mahabharat range (1500–2700 m); Midlands (800–2500 m) with river valleys and basins; Higher Himalaya (4000–8848 m) with peaks and glaciers; and Inner (Trans) Himalaya (2500–5000 m) rain-shadow region.
Describe the physiographic divisions of the Nepal Himalaya (classify the Nepal Himalaya into its zones).
The Nepal Himalaya, about 800 km long and 150-250 km wide, is divided from south to north into the following physiographic zones (based on altitude and landform):
| Zone | Approx. altitude | Main features |
|---|---|---|
| Terai plain | 60-300 m | Flat alluvial plain, Indo-Gangetic plain |
| Siwalik (Churiya) range | 300-1500 m (up to 2000 m) | Youngest, low hills of weak rocks, with Dun valleys |
| Mahabharat range | 1500-2700 m (up to 3000 m) | Steep, continuous ridge of the Lesser Himalaya |
| Midlands (Pahad), Fore Himalaya | 800-2500 m | Hills, river valleys and basins (Kathmandu, Pokhara) |
| Higher (Great) Himalaya | 4000-8848 m | Snow-capped peaks, glaciers, Mt. Everest |
| Inner (Trans, Tibetan-Tethys) Himalaya | 2500-5000 m | Dry, rain-shadow region north of the Great Himalaya |
Altitude limits differ slightly between authors; the above are the common textbook ranges.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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