often present in sedimentary, absent or distorted in metamorphic, and absent in igneous rocks

common in igneous and absent in sedimentary

Which mark goes with igneous rocks?

Vesicles in lava and columnar joints

Which mineral group is typical of metamorphic rocks?

Mica, garnet, kyanite, chlorite, talc

Describe the features for recognising sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks.

Feature	Sedimentary	Metamorphic	Igneous
Layering	Bedded, in distinct layers	Foliated or banded	Massive, no layers
Texture	Clastic grains cemented, or crystalline (chemical)	Crystalline; flaky, banded or sugary	Interlocking crystals or glassy
Fossils	Often present	Absent or distorted	Absent
Surface marks	Ripple marks, mud cracks	Folds, crumpled bands	Vesicles in lava, columnar joints
Minerals	Quartz, calcite, clay, gypsum	Mica, garnet, kyanite, chlorite, talc	Quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, olivine
Hardness	Soft to moderate	Moderate to hard	Hard
Examples	Sandstone, shale, limestone	Slate, schist, gneiss, marble	Granite, basalt, gabbro
Occurrence	Basins, river and sea beds	Mountain belts, contact zones	Volcanic regions, intrusions

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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