- 2074 Chaitra · 2 marks
Volcano and positive topography
Short answer
A volcano is a crustal vent that erupts magma, gases and ash, forming a hill or mountain. Positive landforms include cinder cones, composite cones, shield volcanoes, lava domes, lava plateaus, and exposed volcanic necks, dykes and sills.
What is volcano? Discuss the positive topography developed by volcano.
A volcano is a vent in the crust through which magma, gases and ash erupt, and the hill or mountain built around it.
Positive topography developed
- Cinder (scoria) cone: small steep cone of loose ash and cinders.
- Composite (strato) cone: large steep cone of alternate lava and ash, e.g. Mt. Fuji.
- Shield volcano: broad low dome of fluid basalt, e.g. Mauna Loa.
- Lava dome (plug dome): steep mound of viscous lava.
- Lava plateau: wide flat area from fissure flows, e.g. Deccan Traps.
- Ash and tuff plains, volcanic necks, dykes and sills exposed by erosion.
Negative forms are craters, calderas and lava tubes.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)