- 2073 Shrawan · 4 marks
Objectives of surveying; plane vs geodetic
Short answer
Surveying aims to prepare plans, gather design data, set out works, compute areas/volumes, fix boundaries, and establish control. For the difference, plane surveying neglects earth's curvature for areas ≤250 km²; geodetic surveying considers curvature for larger areas with high precision.
Explain about the objectives of surveying. Differentiate between plane and geodetic surveying.
Objectives of surveying
Surveying is the measurement of distances, angles and elevations to fix the relative positions of points. Its main objectives are:
- To prepare plans, maps and sections (topographic, cadastral, engineering) of the ground.
- To collect data needed for the planning and design of engineering projects such as roads, railways, canals, bridges, dams and buildings.
- To set out (mark on the ground) the designed work in the correct position and level.
- To determine areas, volumes and the quantities of earthwork.
- To fix property boundaries and to settle land disputes.
- To establish control points for further surveys.
- To check the work during and after construction (deformation and progress monitoring).
Plane and geodetic surveying
| Basis | Plane surveying | Geodetic surveying |
|---|---|---|
| Curvature | Neglected | Considered |
| Area | Up to about 250 km | Above 250 km |
| Level line | Straight line | Curved line |
| Accuracy | Ordinary | High |
| Triangle | Plane; sum | Spherical; sum |
| Instruments | Chain, compass, theodolite | Precise theodolite, EDM, GNSS |
| Purpose | Local works | Control for large areas and countries |
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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