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Hysteresis and eddy losses depend on frequency

Short answer

Hysteresis loss is proportional to frequency because the B-H loop area (energy/cycle) is fixed, and more cycles per second multiply the loss. Eddy loss is proportional to f^2 because induced emf (∝ f) drives currents whose I^2R loss goes as emf^2.

Give reason: Hysteresis and eddy current losses depend on the frequency of the supply system.

Both losses grow with frequency because a higher frequency means the core is magnetised and demagnetised more times each second and the induced emf in the core is larger.

Hysteresis loss

The energy lost in one cycle per unit volume is the area whw_h of the BB–HH loop. It depends on the material and BmaxB_{max} only. The number of cycles per second is ff, so

Ph=whVf=ηBmax1.6fVP_h = w_h V f = \eta B_{max}^{1.6} f V

The loss is directly proportional to ff. At twice the frequency, the loop is traversed twice as often and the loss doubles (for the same BmaxB_{max}).

Eddy current loss

The flux in the core is ϕ=ϕmsin⁡ωt\phi = \phi_m \sin\omega t. The emf induced in a lamination is proportional to the rate of change of flux:

e∝dϕdt=ωϕmcos⁡ωt⇒Eeddy∝fBmaxe \propto \frac{d\phi}{dt} = \omega\phi_m\cos\omega t \Rightarrow E_{eddy} \propto f B_{max}

The eddy current is Ie=Eeddy/RcoreI_e = E_{eddy}/R_{core}, and the loss is Ie2RI_e^2 R. So the loss varies as the square of the induced emf:

Pe∝Eeddy2∝f2Bmax2P_e \propto E_{eddy}^2 \propto f^{2} B_{max}^{2}

Eddy loss is therefore proportional to f2f^2. At twice the frequency the loss is four times larger.

Note: in a transformer on a fixed supply, Bmax∝V/fB_{max} \propto V/f. Then PeP_e is almost independent of ff, while Ph∝f−0.6P_h \propto f^{-0.6}. The statement is therefore true for a given BmaxB_{max}.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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