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Define geohazard and list types

Short answer

A geo-hazard is a geological process or condition threatening people and property. Types include endogenic (earthquake, volcanism), exogenic (landslides, floods, erosion), ground-related (subsidence, swelling soils), and glacier/snow hazards.

What is a geological hazard (geo-hazard)? What are its types?

A geological hazard (geohazard) is a geological condition, process or event that is dangerous or potentially harmful to people, property and the environment. It arises from the earth's internal (endogenic) or external (exogenic) processes.

Types

  1. Internal (endogenic) processes:
    • Earthquake and related ground rupture, liquefaction, tsunami.
    • Volcanic eruption.
  2. External (exogenic) processes:
    • Mass movements: landslide, rock fall, debris flow, creep, avalanche.
    • Flood, GLOF, LDOF.
    • Erosion (soil, gully, river bank) and sedimentation.
  3. Ground-related hazards: subsidence, sinkholes, swelling and collapsible soil, expansive clay.
  4. Glacier and snow hazards: glacier surge, snow avalanche, permafrost thaw.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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