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Bump followed by hydraulic jump, find v1, v2, y4

Short answer

Continuity and energy give v1 = 1.17 m/s, v2 = 3.89 m/s. Hydraulic jump from y2 = 0.3 m (Fr=2.27) gives sequent y4 = 0.82 m.

Water in a horizontal channel accelerates smoothly over a bump and then undergoes a hydraulic jump, as in figure below. If y1y_1 = 1 m and y2y_2 = 30 cm, estimate v1v_1, v2v_2 and y4y_4. Neglect friction. [Figure: section (1) upstream; section (2) after the bump of height h with supercritical depth y2y_2; section (3) at the start of the jump; a hydraulic jump leading to section (4)]

Given: horizontal channel, y1=1y_1 = 1 m (upstream, subcritical), y2=0.3y_2 = 0.3 m (supercritical, after the bump). The jump takes the flow from section 3 (start of jump, still at y2=0.3y_2 = 0.3 m because friction is neglected) to section 4. Friction is neglected, and sections 1 and 2 are at the same bed level.

v1v_1 and v2v_2

Continuity: v1y1=v2y2v_1y_1 = v_2y_2, so v2=v1/0.3v_2 = v_1/0.3.

Energy (no loss between 1 and 2):

y1+v122g=y2+v222gy_1 + \frac{v_1^2}{2g} = y_2 + \frac{v_2^2}{2g} 1−0.3=v122g[(10.3)2−1]  ⇒  v12=2(9.81)(0.7)10.111=1.3581 - 0.3 = \frac{v_1^2}{2g}\left[\left(\frac{1}{0.3}\right)^2 - 1\right] \;\Rightarrow\; v_1^2 = \frac{2(9.81)(0.7)}{10.111} = 1.358 v1=1.165 m/s,v2=3.885 m/sv_1 = 1.165\ \text{m/s},\qquad v_2 = 3.885\ \text{m/s}

y4y_4 (depth after the jump)

The supercritical depth at the jump toe is y3=y2=0.3y_3 = y_2 = 0.3 m (the same flow, no losses before the jump):

Fr3=3.8859.81×0.3=2.265Fr_3 = \frac{3.885}{\sqrt{9.81 \times 0.3}} = 2.265 y4=y32(1+8Fr32−1)=0.15(1+41.04−1)=0.822 my_4 = \frac{y_3}{2}\left(\sqrt{1 + 8Fr_3^2} - 1\right) = 0.15\left(\sqrt{1 + 41.04} - 1\right) = 0.822\ \text{m}

Check by specific force (per unit width): q2g y3+y322=1.3589.81×0.3+0.045=0.506 m2\dfrac{q^2}{g\,y_3} + \dfrac{y_3^2}{2} = \dfrac{1.358}{9.81 \times 0.3} + 0.045 = 0.506\ \text{m}^2 and 1.3589.81×0.822+0.82222=0.168+0.338=0.506 m2\dfrac{1.358}{9.81 \times 0.822} + \dfrac{0.822^2}{2} = 0.168 + 0.338 = 0.506\ \text{m}^2. The two are equal.

Answer: v1=1.17v_1 = 1.17 m/s; v2=3.89v_2 = 3.89 m/s; y4=0.82y_4 = 0.82 m.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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