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Profile for abrupt slope change 0.0016 to 0.0150

Short answer

Upstream of the break, the mild slope has normal depth 1.392 m and the surface falls through an M2 curve to critical depth 1.014 m at the break. Downstream, an S2 curve falls to the steep-slope normal depth 0.629 m; no hydraulic jump occurs.

Sketch the water-surface profile along rectangular channel (n = 0.014), if the channel is 3 m wide; the flow rate is 9.6 m³/s; and there is an abrupt change in slope from 0.0016 to 0.0150.

Given: b=3 mb = 3\ \text{m}, Q=9.6 m3/sQ = 9.6\ \text{m}^3/\text{s} (q=3.2 m2/sq = 3.2\ \text{m}^2/\text{s}), n=0.014n = 0.014, S01=0.0016S_{01} = 0.0016, S02=0.0150S_{02} = 0.0150.

Depths

yc=(3.229.81)1/3=1.014 my_c = \left(\frac{3.2^2}{9.81}\right)^{1/3} = 1.014\ \text{m}

From Manning's equation, R=A/PR = A/P:

ReachS0S_0yny_n (m)Class
Upstream0.00161.392mild (yn>ycy_n > y_c)
Downstream0.01500.629steep (yn<ycy_n < y_c)

Profile

  1. Upstream (mild) reach: the flow is subcritical and uniform at yn=1.392y_n = 1.392 m far upstream. The abrupt change to the steep slope forces critical depth at the break. The surface falls from the NDL to yc=1.014y_c = 1.014 m as an M2 curve, asymptotic to the NDL far upstream and meeting the CDL at the break.
  2. Downstream (steep) reach: the flow starts at ycy_c at the break and continues as an S2 curve, falling and becoming asymptotic to the uniform supercritical depth yn=0.629y_n = 0.629 m.
  3. No hydraulic jump occurs because the flow goes from subcritical to supercritical.
 MILD  (yn=1.392)       |  STEEP (yn=0.629)
 ---- NDL ......___      |
              M2   ''--._|
 CDL - - - - - - - - - - *  (yc = 1.014, break)
                         |'-._  S2
 NDL(steep) - - - - - - -|- - -''--- yn = 0.629

Answer: M2 on the upstream mild slope (1.392 m falling to 1.014 m at the break); S2 on the downstream steep slope (1.014 m falling to 0.629 m).

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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