- 2075 Bhadra · 8 marks
Profile for abrupt slope change 0.0016 to 0.0150
Short answer
Upstream of the break, the mild slope has normal depth 1.392 m and the surface falls through an M2 curve to critical depth 1.014 m at the break. Downstream, an S2 curve falls to the steep-slope normal depth 0.629 m; no hydraulic jump occurs.
Sketch the water-surface profile along rectangular channel (n = 0.014), if the channel is 3 m wide; the flow rate is 9.6 m³/s; and there is an abrupt change in slope from 0.0016 to 0.0150.
Given: , (), , , .
Depths
From Manning's equation, :
| Reach | (m) | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upstream | 0.0016 | 1.392 | mild () |
| Downstream | 0.0150 | 0.629 | steep () |
Profile
- Upstream (mild) reach: the flow is subcritical and uniform at m far upstream. The abrupt change to the steep slope forces critical depth at the break. The surface falls from the NDL to m as an M2 curve, asymptotic to the NDL far upstream and meeting the CDL at the break.
- Downstream (steep) reach: the flow starts at at the break and continues as an S2 curve, falling and becoming asymptotic to the uniform supercritical depth m.
- No hydraulic jump occurs because the flow goes from subcritical to supercritical.
MILD (yn=1.392) | STEEP (yn=0.629)
---- NDL ......___ |
M2 ''--._|
CDL - - - - - - - - - - * (yc = 1.014, break)
|'-._ S2
NDL(steep) - - - - - - -|- - -''--- yn = 0.629
Answer: M2 on the upstream mild slope (1.392 m falling to 1.014 m at the break); S2 on the downstream steep slope (1.014 m falling to 0.629 m).
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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