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Maximum deflection with unsymmetrical loading

Short answer

θ_A = 2.13×10⁻³ rad, θ_B = 1.87×10⁻³ rad. Deflection under 40 kN load = 3.20 mm. Maximum deflection = 3.29 mm at 2.35 m from A (2.65 m from B).

A simply supported beam AB of span 5 m carries a point load of 40 kN at C, 2 m from A. E = 200 GPa and I = 1.5 x 10^8 mm^4. Using the moment-area method find (a) the slopes at A and B, (b) the deflection under the load, (c) the position and value of the maximum deflection.

EI=200×109×1.5×10−4=30×106 N m2=30 000 kN m2EI = 200\times10^9\times1.5\times10^{-4} = 30\times10^6\ \text{N m}^2 = 30\,000\ \text{kN m}^2.

Bending moment diagram

RA=40×35=24 kN,RB=16 kN,MC=24×2=48 kN mR_A = \frac{40\times3}{5} = 24\ \text{kN}, \qquad R_B = 16\ \text{kN}, \qquad M_C = 24\times2 = 48\ \text{kN m}

The M/EIM/EI diagram is a triangle of base 5 m and height 48/EI48/EI, with its apex at C. Total area =12×5×48=120= \frac12\times5\times48 = 120 (in kN m2^2, divided by EIEI).

 A      C(2 m)            B
 /\    48
/  \_____
 triangle area = 120/EI

(a) Slopes at the supports

Deviation of B from the tangent at A (moment of the area about B). The centroid of a triangle lies at the mean position of its three corners: from A, xˉ=(0+2+5)/3=2.333\bar x = (0+2+5)/3 = 2.333 m, so its distance from B is 5−2.333=2.6675 - 2.333 = 2.667 m.

tB/A=120×2.667=320/EIt_{B/A} = 120\times2.667 = 320/EI θA=tB/AL=3205 EI=64EI=6430000=2.13×10−3 rad\theta_A = \frac{t_{B/A}}{L} = \frac{320}{5\,EI} = \frac{64}{EI} = \frac{64}{30000} = 2.13\times10^{-3}\ \text{rad}

Similarly, for the deviation of A from the tangent at B, the centroid is 2.3332.333 m from A:

tA/B=120×2.333=280/EI  ⇒  θB=2805EI=56EI=1.87×10−3 radt_{A/B} = 120\times2.333 = 280/EI \;\Rightarrow\; \theta_B = \frac{280}{5EI} = \frac{56}{EI} = 1.87\times10^{-3}\ \text{rad}

(b) Deflection under the load C

At C, the tangent at A lies 25tB/A=128EI\dfrac{2}{5}t_{B/A} = \dfrac{128}{EI} below the line joining the supports. The deviation of C from the tangent at A is the moment of the area from A to C about C: area 12×2×48=48\frac12\times2\times48 = 48, centroid 2/32/3 m from C:

tC/A=48×23=32EIt_{C/A} = 48\times\frac23 = \frac{32}{EI} yC=128−32EI=9630000=3.2×10−3 m=3.2 mmy_C = \frac{128 - 32}{EI} = \frac{96}{30000} = 3.2\times10^{-3}\ \text{m} = 3.2\ \text{mm}

(c) Maximum deflection

The point of zero slope D lies in the longer segment CB (3 m), at a distance xx from B. The slope at B equals the area of the M/EIM/EI diagram from B to D, where M=RBx=16xM = R_Bx = 16x:

θB=12 x 16xEI  ⇒  8x2=56  ⇒  x=7=2.646 m (<3 m, so valid)\theta_B = \frac12\,x\,\frac{16x}{EI} \;\Rightarrow\; 8x^2 = 56 \;\Rightarrow\; x = \sqrt7 = 2.646\ \text{m}\ (<3\text{ m, so valid})

So D is 2.646 m from B, i.e. 2.354 m from A. The maximum deflection equals the deviation of B from the horizontal tangent at D:

ymax=8x2×2x3/EI=16x33EI=16×18.523×30000=3.29×10−3 my_{max} = 8x^2\times\frac{2x}{3}\Big/EI = \frac{16x^3}{3EI} = \frac{16\times18.52}{3\times30000} = 3.29\times10^{-3}\ \text{m}

Answer: θA=2.13×10−3\theta_A = 2.13\times10^{-3} rad, θB=1.87×10−3\theta_B = 1.87\times10^{-3} rad; yC=3.20y_C = 3.20 mm; ymax=3.29y_{max} = 3.29 mm at 2.35 m from A.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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