- Asked 4/12
- 2070 Magh · 2 marks
- 2071 Bhadra · 4 marks
- 2072 Magh · 3 marks
- 2073 Magh · 3 marks
Declarative vs procedural knowledge
Short answer
Declarative knowledge is knowing 'what' (facts and relationships) and needs an inference mechanism, while procedural knowledge is knowing 'how' (steps and control) and is directly executable. Declarative is easy to modify, but procedural is more efficient.
Differentiate between declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge.
Declarative knowledge describes what is known, facts and relationships about the world, without saying how to use them. Procedural knowledge describes how to do something, the steps or control information for performing a task.
| Basis | Declarative knowledge | Procedural knowledge |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | Knowing that (facts) | Knowing how (skills, procedures) |
| Representation | Logic (propositional/FOPL), semantic nets, frames, facts | Production rules, procedures, programs, scripts |
| Use of knowledge | Needs an inference mechanism to use it | Directly executable |
| Modification | Easy to add or change facts | Harder to modify; code must be changed |
| Efficiency | Less efficient (general reasoning needed) | More efficient (control is built in) |
| Explicitness | Explicit, easy to explain | Often implicit, harder to explain |
| Example | "Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal"; ∀x Man(x) → Mortal(x) | An algorithm to sort a list or a rule "IF engine overheats THEN stop and add coolant" |
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
Related questions
- Knowledge vs learning, acting humanly · Artificial Intelligence, chapter 1
- Frame vs semantic net · Artificial Intelligence, chapter 5
- Knowledge management vs expert systems · Information System, chapter 4
- Unique vs non-unique address decoding · Instrumentation II, chapter 2
- Marconi transmitter, mobile vs nomadic, Telecom Act · Telecommunications, chapter 1
- Industrial vs information age; information as wealth · Technology, Environment and Society, chapter 1 · asked 2×