- 2074 Bhadra · 8 marks
Door/window parts; casement, awning, hopper
Short answer
General parts: frame (head, jambs, sill), shutter (styles, rails, panels), mullion, transom, architrave. Casement: side-hinged sash opens outward/inward. Awning: top-hinged sash opens outward at bottom for rain ventilation. Hopper: bottom-hinged sash opens inward at top, directing air upward.
Explain the general parts and terms used in door and window with necessary diagram. Define casement, awning and hopper window.
General parts and terms
DOOR WINDOW
+----------------------+ +------------------+
| head | | head |
| +------------------+ | | +------+-------+ |
| | top rail | | | | | | |
| |------------------| | | | sash | sash | |
| |s panel s| | | | | | |
| |t lock rail t| | jamb ->| +------+-------+ |
| |y panel y| | | sill |
| |l bottom rail l| | +------------------+
| +------------------+ |
| threshold |
+----------------------+
| Part | Description |
|---|---|
| Frame (chaukhat) | Fixed wooden/steel/RCC frame set in the opening; made of the head, two jambs (posts) and the sill/threshold |
| Head | Top horizontal member of the frame |
| Jamb / post | Vertical side member of the frame |
| Horn | Projecting end (100-150 mm) of the head/sill built into the wall |
| Sill / threshold | Bottom member (in windows) or floor-level strip (in doors) |
| Shutter | Movable leaf that closes the opening |
| Style | Vertical outer member of the shutter |
| Rail | Horizontal member of the shutter (top, frieze, lock, bottom) |
| Panel | Thin board or glass fitted in grooves between styles and rails |
| Mullion | Vertical member dividing a frame into two or more openings |
| Muntin | Intermediate vertical member between rails within a shutter |
| Transom | Horizontal member dividing a frame into upper and lower parts |
| Glazing bar | Thin member that divides a glass panel |
| Architrave | Moulded decorative cover over the joint between frame and wall |
| Holdfast | Metal strap fixing the frame to the wall |
| Hinge, bolt, lock | Fittings for hanging and closing the shutter |
| Reveal | Side surface of the wall opening |
Casement, awning and hopper windows
- Casement window: shutters are hinged on the vertical side and open outward or inward like a door; gives a full opening for ventilation.
- Awning window: the shutter is hinged at the top and opens outward at the bottom; allows ventilation even during rain.
- Hopper window: the shutter is hinged at the bottom and opens inward at the top; directs air upward and keeps rain out.
Casement Awning Hopper
+--+--+ +------+ +------+
| /|\ | | hinge| | |
|/ | \| | \ / | | / \ |
+--+--+ +------+ +hinge-+
side hinge top hinge bottom hinge
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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