Skip to main content

Line spectrum of a given modulated signal

Short answer

The signal combines to three frequencies: 10 kHz with amplitude 1 and phase 100°, 20 kHz with amplitude 20 and phase 80°, and 1 MHz with amplitude 58.95 and phase 72.73°. These form a one-sided line spectrum.

For the given modulated signal draw line spectrums. s(t) = 50cos(2π10⁶t + 60°) − 15cos(2π10⁶t − 60°) + 20sin(4π10⁴t − 190°) + sin(2π10⁴t + 190°).

Given: s(t)=50cos⁡(2π106t+60°)−15cos⁡(2π106t−60°)+20sin⁡(4π104t−190°)+sin⁡(2π104t+190°)s(t)=50\cos(2\pi10^6t+60°)-15\cos(2\pi10^6t-60°)+20\sin(4\pi10^4t-190°)+\sin(2\pi10^4t+190°)

To draw line spectra, write every term as a cosine with positive amplitude, and combine terms of the same frequency.

Step 1: 1 MHz terms (phasor addition)

50∠60°=25+j43.30−15∠−60°=−7.5+j12.99Sum=17.5+j56.29=58.95∠72.73°\begin{aligned} 50\angle60°&=25+j43.30\\ -15\angle-60°&=-7.5+j12.99\\ \text{Sum}&=17.5+j56.29=58.95\angle72.73° \end{aligned}

So 50cos⁡(⋅+60°)−15cos⁡(⋅−60°)=58.95cos⁡(2π106t+72.73°)50\cos(\cdot+60°)-15\cos(\cdot-60°)=58.95\cos(2\pi10^6t+72.73°).

Step 2: 20 kHz term (4π104t=2π⋅2×104t4\pi10^4t=2\pi\cdot2\times10^4t)

Using sin⁡x=cos⁡(x−90°)\sin x=\cos(x-90°):

20sin⁡(ωt−190°)=20cos⁡(ωt−280°)=20cos⁡(2π 20000 t+80°)20\sin(\omega t-190°)=20\cos(\omega t-280°)=20\cos(2\pi\,20000\,t+80°)

Step 3: 10 kHz term

sin⁡(ωt+190°)=cos⁡(ωt+100°)=cos⁡(2π 10000 t+100°)\sin(\omega t+190°)=\cos(\omega t+100°)=\cos(2\pi\,10000\,t+100°)

Result

s(t)=cos⁡(2π104t+100°)+20cos⁡(2π 2×104t+80°)+58.95cos⁡(2π106t+72.73°)s(t)=\cos(2\pi10^4t+100°)+20\cos(2\pi\,2{\times}10^4t+80°)+58.95\cos(2\pi10^6t+72.73°)
ffAmplitude (one-sided)Phase
10 kHz1100°100°
20 kHz2080°80°
1 MHz58.9572.73°72.73°

For the two-sided spectrum, each line splits into two of half amplitude at ±f\pm f (0.5, 10, 29.47) with phase +θ+\theta at +f+f and −θ-\theta at −f-f.

 One-sided amplitude spectrum
 58.95 |                         |
       |                         |
    20 |     |                   |
     1 |  |  |                   |
       +--+--+------//-----------+--> f
         10  20 kHz            1 MHz

 One-sided phase spectrum (deg)
   100 |  o
    80 |     o
 72.73 |                         o
       +--+--+------//-----------+--> f
         10  20 kHz            1 MHz

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

All Communication Systems chapter 2 questions →