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Pulse transfer function with first order hold

Short answer

The sampler splits the system: G₁(z)=Z[1/(s+3)] = z/(z−0.0498). For FOH and 1/(s+2), G₂(z) = (1−z⁻¹)²Z[(s+1)/(s²(s+2))] = (0.7162z−0.2838)/[z(z−0.1353)]. Overall Y(z)/X(z) = G₁(z)G₂(z) = (0.7162z−0.2838)/[(z−0.0498)(z−0.1353)].

Consider the system shown below. If transfer function of FOH is ((Ts+1)/T)·((1-e⁻ᵀˢ)/s)² and T=1, determine Y(z)/X(z). [Figure: X(s) → sampler → 1/(s+3) → sampler → FOH → 1/(s+2) → Y(s)]

There is a sampler between 1/(s+3)1/(s+3) and the FOH, so the system splits into two cascaded pulse transfer functions:

Y(z)X(z)=G1(z) G2(z),G1(s)=1s+3,G2(s)=Gh1(s)1s+2\frac{Y(z)}{X(z)} = G_1(z)\,G_2(z), \qquad G_1(s) = \frac{1}{s+3}, \quad G_2(s) = G_{h1}(s)\frac{1}{s+2}

Here Y(z)Y(z) is the output at the sampling instants (a fictitious output sampler).

Step 1: G1(z)G_1(z)

G1(z)=Z[1s+3]=zz−e−3T=zz−0.0498(T=1)G_1(z) = \mathcal{Z}\left[\frac{1}{s+3}\right] = \frac{z}{z-e^{-3T}} = \frac{z}{z-0.0498}\quad(T = 1)

Step 2: G2(z)G_2(z), FOH + plant

G2(z)=Z[Ts+1T(1−e−Tss)21s+2]=(1−z−1)2 Z[s+1s2(s+2)](T=1)\begin{aligned} G_2(z) &= \mathcal{Z}\left[\frac{Ts+1}{T}\left(\frac{1-e^{-Ts}}{s}\right)^2\frac{1}{s+2}\right] = (1-z^{-1})^2\,\mathcal{Z}\left[\frac{s+1}{s^2(s+2)}\right]\quad(T=1) \end{aligned}

Partial fractions:

s+1s2(s+2)=1/4s+1/2s2−1/4s+2\frac{s+1}{s^2(s+2)} = \frac{1/4}{s} + \frac{1/2}{s^2} - \frac{1/4}{s+2} Z[s+1s2(s+2)]=0.25zz−1+0.5z(z−1)2−0.25zz−e−2\mathcal{Z}\left[\frac{s+1}{s^2(s+2)}\right] = \frac{0.25z}{z-1} + \frac{0.5z}{(z-1)^2} - \frac{0.25z}{z-e^{-2}}

Multiply by (1−z−1)2=(z−1)2/z2(1-z^{-1})^2 = (z-1)^2/z^2:

G2(z)=1z[0.25(z−1)+0.5−0.25(z−1)2z−e−2]=(3−e−2)z−(1+e−2)4z(z−e−2)=0.7162z−0.2838z(z−0.1353)\begin{aligned} G_2(z) &= \frac{1}{z}\left[0.25(z-1) + 0.5 - \frac{0.25(z-1)^2}{z-e^{-2}}\right] \\ &= \frac{(3-e^{-2})z - (1+e^{-2})}{4z(z-e^{-2})} \\ &= \frac{0.7162z - 0.2838}{z(z-0.1353)} \end{aligned}

Check: at z=1z = 1, G2(1)=0.4324/0.8647=0.5G_2(1) = 0.4324/0.8647 = 0.5, which equals the DC gain of 1/(s+2)1/(s+2). ✔

Step 3: Overall pulse transfer function

Y(z)X(z)=zz−0.0498⋅0.7162z−0.2838z(z−0.1353)=0.7162z−0.2838(z−0.0498)(z−0.1353)\frac{Y(z)}{X(z)} = \frac{z}{z-0.0498}\cdot\frac{0.7162z - 0.2838}{z(z-0.1353)} = \frac{0.7162z - 0.2838}{(z-0.0498)(z-0.1353)}

Expanding the denominator:

Y(z)X(z)=0.7162z−0.2838z2−0.1851z+0.00674=0.7162z−1−0.2838z−21−0.1851z−1+0.00674z−2\frac{Y(z)}{X(z)} = \frac{0.7162z - 0.2838}{z^2 - 0.1851z + 0.00674} = \frac{0.7162z^{-1} - 0.2838z^{-2}}{1 - 0.1851z^{-1} + 0.00674z^{-2}}

Answer: Y(z)X(z)=0.7162z−0.2838(z−0.0498)(z−0.1353)\dfrac{Y(z)}{X(z)} = \dfrac{0.7162z - 0.2838}{(z-0.0498)(z-0.1353)}

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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