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Client-server vs peer-to-peer

Short answer

In client-server, a dedicated server provides centralized services with strong security and higher cost, suitable for large networks; in P2P, all nodes are equal with decentralized control, weak security, and lower cost, suitable for small networks. Examples include web versus BitTorrent.

Distinguish between Client-Server network and Peer-to-Peer network.

In a client-server network a dedicated, powerful server provides resources and services to many clients. In a peer-to-peer (P2P) network every computer is equal and can act as both client and server.

PointClient-ServerPeer-to-Peer
Role of computersFixed: server serves, client requestsEvery node is both client and server
ControlCentralisedDecentralised
SecurityStrong, managed centrallyWeak, each user manages own
CostHigh (server hardware and administrator)Low
BackupCentralised, easyEach machine separately
ScalabilityGood for large networksSuitable for small networks (up to about 10 nodes)
FailureServer failure stops serviceFailure of one peer has small effect
PerformanceServer can be a bottleneck, but stableSlows down as peers become busy
ExamplesWeb, email, banking systemsBitTorrent, small home or office sharing

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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