Motivation and its techniques

Motivation

Motivation is the process of stimulating people to act willingly to achieve organizational goals by satisfying their needs. It is the inner force that directs and sustains behaviour. A motivated employee has both ability and willingness to perform.

Techniques of motivation

A. Financial (monetary) techniques

1. Fair wages and salary: Competitive pay as per the Labour Act, 2074.
2. Bonus: A share in profit as per the Bonus Act, 2030.
3. Incentive schemes: Commission, piece rate, productivity bonus.
4. Profit sharing and stock options.
5. Fringe benefits: Provident fund, SSF, insurance, medical and housing allowances.

B. Non-financial techniques

1. Job security: Permanent status and fair termination rules.
2. Recognition and praise: Awards such as "employee of the month".
3. Promotion and career opportunities.
4. Participation in decision making: Suggestion schemes, joint committees.
5. Job enrichment, enlargement and rotation: Making work challenging and meaningful.
6. Delegation and empowerment.
7. Good working conditions and a friendly environment.
8. Training and development.
9. Leadership and communication: Supportive supervisors and open communication.
10. Management by objectives (MBO).
11. Flexible working hours.

Theories behind these techniques include Maslow's hierarchy, Herzberg's two-factor, McGregor's X and Y, and Vroom's expectancy theory. A good manager chooses techniques after identifying the needs of each employee.