Which best describes project appraisal?

A critical, systematic assessment of a proposed project before funds are committed, ending in a recommendation

The preparation of the detailed design drawings after approval

The final audit of a completed project to measure its outcomes

The day-to-day monitoring of a project during construction

Which are examined under the economic aspect of a civil project?

B/C ratio, EIRR, NPV to the nation and shadow prices

Which is a civil-specific point examined in the appraisal?

Only the brand of the equipment

Which belongs to the social aspect?

Effect on people, resettlement, gender, employment and community acceptance

What does risk analysis cover?

Sensitivity of cost, time and demand

2082 Baisakh · 8 marks

Appraisal parameters for civil engineering project

Short answer

Project appraisal is systematic pre-investment assessment of technical, financial, economic, environmental, social and legal acceptability. For civil projects, key parameters are design, technology, site and geotechnical data, materials, construction method, cost estimate, funding, NPV/IRR/payback, demand, implementing agency, environmental impact, resettlement, laws, risk and sensitivity, plus operation and maintenance and disaster resilience.

What is project appraisal? Explain the basic parameters to be considered during a comprehensive project appraisal for a civil engineering project.

Project appraisal is the critical, systematic assessment of a proposed project, before commitment of funds, to judge whether it is technically sound, economically and financially viable, environmentally and socially acceptable, and worth undertaking.

Basic parameters for a civil engineering project

Aspect	Points examined
Technical	Design, technology, site, materials, capacity, construction method, availability of skills
Economic	Benefit-cost ratio, EIRR, NPV to the nation, shadow prices, contribution to national goals
Financial	Cost estimate, funding plan, cash flow, NPV, IRR, payback, debt service
Market / commercial	Demand, supply, price, competition, marketing plan
Managerial / organisational	Capability of the implementing agency, organisation structure, manpower
Environmental	Impact on land, water, air, ecology; mitigation measures (IEE/EIA)
Social	Effect on people, resettlement, gender, employment, community acceptance
Legal / institutional	Laws, licences, permits, contracts, land
Risk	Sensitivity and risk analysis of cost, time and demand

Civil-specific points inside these aspects: site investigation and geotechnical data, hydrology, design standards (NBC, IS codes), quantities and rates, construction method and equipment, construction period, quality control, safety, land and right-of-way, operation and maintenance cost over the life, and disaster resilience (flood and earthquake).

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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