Barriers to communication

Barriers to communication are factors that prevent a message from being sent, received or understood correctly. They cause delay, errors and conflicts in a project.

Types

1. Physical / environmental barriers: noise of machines on site, distance, bad weather, poor telephone or network, large number of sites.
2. Language and semantic barriers: different languages and dialects of workers, technical words, jargon, and unclear drawings or instructions.
3. Psychological barriers: prejudice, mistrust, fear of the boss, lack of interest, emotions, and differences in perception.
4. Organisational barriers: too many levels in the hierarchy, long chains of command, unclear authority, no feedback system, poor information flow.
5. Personal / attitude barriers: poor listening, status differences between engineer and labourer, resistance to change, bias.
6. Information overload or lack of information: too much paperwork, or missing or late data.
7. Cultural and educational differences: workers from different backgrounds and literacy levels.
8. Technological barriers: failure of equipment, lack of IT skills.

Overcoming

• Use simple, clear words and visual aids (sketches, signs), and written confirmation.
• Take feedback, listen actively and encourage two-way communication.
• Reduce hierarchy levels and hold regular meetings.
• Choose a suitable medium (face to face on site, written for contract matters).
• Train staff and build trust.