What does an intellectual property right stop others from doing?

Using the creation without the creator's permission

What rest is required under Labour Act 2074 working-hour provisions?

At least 30 minutes after 5 hours of continuous work

Which pair of shareholder limits is correct?

Public: at least 7, no maximum; private: 1 to 101

Public: 1 to 101; private: at least 7

Public: max 101; private: no limit

What is a key difference in offering shares?

Public companies can offer shares to the public; private cannot

Private companies may offer shares to the public

Only private companies are audited

2073 Bhadra · 4 marks

IPR, working hours, public vs private company

Short answer

Intellectual property rights grant creators exclusive control over their inventions, artistic works, and brands. The Labour Act prescribes 8 working hours per day, 48 per week, with 1.5x overtime pay. A public company has at least 7 shareholders and can offer shares to the public; a private company has 1–101 shareholders and restricts share transfer.

What is intellectual property right? Write in briefly the working hour provision of labour law. Differentiate between public and private company.

Intellectual property right

IPR is the legal right granted to a creator or inventor over the products of his or her intellect (inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, names and symbols), so that others cannot copy or use them without permission. The main forms are copyright (Copyright Act 2059) and patent, design and trademark (Patent, Design and Trademark Act 2022).

Working hour provision of labour law (Labour Act 2074)

Normal working time is 8 hours a day and 48 hours a week.
A rest of at least 30 minutes after 5 hours of continuous work.
A weekly rest of at least one day (usually Saturday).
Overtime needs the worker's consent, is limited to 4 hours a day and 24 hours a week, and is paid at 1.5 times the normal rate.
Night work, and work by women and young persons, have special restrictions.

Public vs private company (Companies Act 2063)

Basis	Public company	Private company
Shareholders	At least 7 (no maximum)	1 to 101
Shares	Can be offered to the public	Cannot be offered to the public
Transfer of shares	Free	Restricted by the articles
Directors	At least 3	At least 1
Disclosure	Prospectus, annual reports and strict disclosure	Less disclosure
Name ending	"Limited"	"Private Limited"

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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