- 2072 Magh · 2.5 marks
Short note: Computer crimes
Short answer
Computer crime includes hacking, malware, data theft, phishing, fraud and cyber harassment. In Nepal the Electronic Transactions Act 2063 punishes unauthorized access, system damage and illegal publication. Prevention uses strong passwords, updated software, antivirus, backups and staff training.
Write a short note on Computer crimes.
Computer crime (cyber crime) is any illegal act in which a computer, network or digital data is the tool, target or place of the crime.
Common types
- Hacking and unauthorised access to a computer or network.
- Spreading viruses, ransomware or malware that damage data.
- Theft or alteration of data and source code; software piracy.
- Identity theft, phishing and online banking or credit card fraud.
- Publishing illegal or defamatory material, cyber bullying and stalking.
- Denial-of-service attacks on websites.
Legal position in Nepal
The Electronic Transactions Act 2063 (2008) is the main law. It punishes unauthorised access, damage to computer systems, destruction or alteration of source code, publication of illegal material, breach of confidentiality, and fake digital signatures, with fines and/or imprisonment as per the Act. Related laws include the Copyright Act 2059 for piracy and the Muluki Criminal Code 2074. The Cyber Bureau of Nepal Police investigates the cases.
Prevention: strong passwords, updated software, antivirus, backups, firewalls, staff training, licensed software. An engineer must also respect client data confidentiality under the code of conduct.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)