- 2080 Bhadra · 3+5 marks
Definitions per Electronic Communication Act, Norway
Short answer
Electronic communication: transmission/reception of sound, text, images or data by electromagnetic signals in free space or cables. Electronic communication network: system of cables, switches and equipment for such transmission between defined termination points. Main components: terminal equipment, access network, transmission media, switching/routing nodes, multiplexers, signalling, management, and power.
Write a definition of electronics communication and electronics communication network, according to Electronics and Communication Act, Norway, 2003. What are the main components used in different kind of Telecommunication Network?
Definitions (Electronic Communications Act, Norway, 2003)
- Electronic communication: the transmission or reception of sound, text, images or other data by means of electromagnetic signals in free space or in cables (electrical, magnetic, radio or optical signals). In short, any exchange of information carried by electromagnetic signals.
- Electronic communication network: a system consisting mainly of cables and associated infrastructure, switches and other equipment (including passive elements) that is used to transmit sound, images, data or other information by means of electromagnetic signals in free space or in cables, between defined termination points. It covers fixed, mobile, broadcasting and Internet networks.
(The wording above follows the meaning of the Act's definitions section; the Act is technology-neutral.)
Main components of telecommunication networks
Every telecom network, whatever its type, is built from these components:
| Component | Examples / role |
|---|---|
| Terminal (end) equipment | Telephone set, mobile phone, modem, computer, fax |
| Access network (local loop) | Copper pair, coaxial, FTTH fibre, radio access (BTS/eNodeB), Wi-Fi |
| Transmission media | Twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fibre, microwave, satellite |
| Switching/routing nodes | Telephone exchanges, MSC, routers, packet switches |
| Multiplexing equipment | FDM, TDM (PDH/SDH), WDM, statistical mux |
| Signalling system | Subscriber signalling, CAS, SS7, SIP |
| Network management and control | OSS/NMS, billing, databases (HLR) |
| Power and support | DC power plant, batteries, synchronisation clocks |
By network type
- PSTN (fixed telephone): telephone sets, local loop, local/tandem/toll exchanges, trunks, SS7.
- Mobile (GSM/LTE): mobile station, BTS/BSC (or eNodeB), MSC/core network, HLR/VLR, transmission backhaul.
- Data/Internet: hosts, switches, routers, modems, servers, links.
- Broadcast: studio, transmitters, antennas, receivers.
- Satellite: earth stations, satellite transponders, VSAT terminals.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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